ITALIC 7.0

Graphis betulina (Pers.) Ach.

K. Vetensk.-Akad. Nya Handl., 30: 147, 1809. Basionym: Opegrapha betulina Pers. - Ann. Bot. (Usteri), 7: 31, 1794.

Synonyms: Graphis juglandis Garov. ex A. Massal.; Graphis massalongii Kremp.

Distribution: N - Ven (Lazzarin 2000b), Lomb (Lazzarin 2000b). C - Umb (Brackel 2015).

Description: Thallus crustose, continuous to finely cracked, white, dull, often delimited by a dark prothallus. Apothecia lirelliform, black, raised or embedded in the thallus, oblong to linear, more or less flexuose, branched and acute at the ends, 2-8 x 0.1-0.3 mm, with an at least centrally expanded, pruinose or epruinose disc, a well-developed, 15-45 µm thick proper margin with entire lips, and a conspicuous, c. 0.2 mm thick, pseudothalline margin filled with calcium oxalates crystals. Proper exciple carbonized laterally, poorly developed and not carbonized at base; epithecium brown; hymenium colourless, not inspersed with oil droplets, 90-100 µm high; paraphyses simple, dense, 1.5-2 µm thick, with brownish tips; subhymenium colourless. Asci (6-)8-spored, cylindrical-clavate, non fissitunicate, dehiscent by an apical split, K/I-, Graphis-type. Ascospores 5-11-septate with lens-shaped lumina, hyaline (pale brown when overmature), 15-45 x 5-9 µm, the wall I+ blue-violet. Pycnidia rare, immersed. Conidia bacilliform, 2-5 x 1 µm. Photobiont trentepohlioid. Spot tests: cortex and medulla K-, C-, KC-, P-. Chemistry: without lichen substances.

Note: a taxon of the G. scripta-group with apothecia additionally surrounded by conspicuous often raised white thalline margins, found on the bark of broad-leaved trees in various forest types; widely distributed in the Holarctic region. See also comment on the genus.

Growth form: Crustose

Substrata: bark

Photobiont: Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent

Subalpine belt: absent

Oromediterranean belt: absent

Montane belt: rare

Submediterranean belt: rare

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: rather rare

Humid mediterranean belt: absent

Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Index Fungorum GBIF

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_G/Graphis_betulina.htm

France, session AFL 2015 - sur Corylus - La Chapelle Auzac - Blagour - Lot

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_G/Graphis_betulina.htm

France, session AFL 2015 - sur Corylus - La Chapelle Auzac - Blagour - Lot

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_G/Graphis_betulina.htm

France, session AFL 2015 - sur Corylus - La Chapelle Auzac - Blagour - Lot

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_G/Graphis_betulina.htm

France, session AFL 2015 - sur Corylus - La Chapelle Auzac - Blagour - Lot

André Aptroot. http://www.tropicallichens.net/ CC BY-SA-NC

Author: André Aptroot. Source: http://www.tropicallichens.net/ CC BY-SA-NC

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_G/Graphis_betulina.htm

France, session AFL 2015 - sur Corylus - La Chapelle Auzac - Blagour - Lot