Heppia lutosa (Ach.) Nyl.

Syn. Meth. Lich., 2: 45, 1863. Basionym: Collema lutosum Ach. - Syn. Meth. Lich.: 309, 1814.
Synonyms: Collema sanguinolentum (Kremp.) Stizenb.; Heppia atlantica Gyeln.
Distribution: N - VG, , Lig. C - Tosc, Sar. S - Cal (Puntillo 2011), Si (Cataldo & Minissale 2015).
Description: Thallus crustose-granulose to subsquamulose, dark brown to almost black when dry, greenish, translucent and slightly gelatinous when wet, of 0.1-1.2 mm wide granules/squamules. Squamules up to 200 µm thick, irregular in outline, homoiomerous, often concave when young. Upper cortex absent; medulla with mainly anticlinally arranged hyphae. Apothecia one to several per squamule, to 1.5 mm across, with a dark red, at first urceolate, then flat to convex disc. Proper exciple 20-60 µm thick; hymenium colourless, 115-150 µm high, K/I+ blue, then slowly violet-brown; paraphyses mostly simple, lax, distinctly thickened above; subhymenium colourless, 20-35 µm high. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical to obovoid, prototunicate, thin-walled, the wall I+ intensely blue. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid to fusiform, 14-18(-26) x (4.5-)6-10.5 µm. Pycnidia immersed. Conidia fusiform, 2.5-3.5 x 1-1.5 µm. Photobiont cyanobacterial, Scytonema-like. Spot tests: K-, C-, KC-, P-, UV-. Chemistry: without lichen substances.
Note: a mainly Mediterranean-Atlantic lichen found on more or less calciferous soil in dry grasslands below the montane belt; it was often confused, in the older literature, with H. adglutinata, which is bound to upland areas. Earlier records from the Alps are assigned to H. adglutinata.
Growth form: Squamulose
Substrata: soil, terricolous mosses, and plant debris
Photobiont: cyanobacteria, filamentous (e.g. Nostoc, Scytonema)
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Subcontinental: restricted to areas with a dry-subcontinental climate (e.g. dry Alpine valleys, parts of Mediterranean Italy)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: absent
Submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Humid mediterranean belt: rare
Dry mediterranean belt: rare

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF


D. Puntillo CC BY-SA 04



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[GZU 27-94b], Afghanistan, Prov. Paktia, 4 km N Rabat, ca. 10 km S Chamkanni, an der Straße nach Zambar. 69°47’30’’ E, 33°47’30’’ N, ca. 1800 m. Lichtung in Cedrus deodara Wald, Erdbuckeln (Löss) mit Grashorsten. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 80), 4.7.1970, det C.M. Wetmore



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[GZU 27-94b], Afghanistan, Prov. Paktia, 4 km N Rabat, ca. 10 km S Chamkanni, an der Straße nach Zambar. 69°47’30’’ E, 33°47’30’’ N, ca. 1800 m. Lichtung in Cedrus deodara Wald, Erdbuckeln (Löss) mit Grashorsten. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 80), 4.7.1970, det C.M. Wetmore



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[GZU 27-94b], Afghanistan, Prov. Paktia, 4 km N Rabat, ca. 10 km S Chamkanni, an der Straße nach Zambar. 69°47’30’’ E, 33°47’30’’ N, ca. 1800 m. Lichtung in Cedrus deodara Wald, Erdbuckeln (Löss) mit Grashorsten. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 80), 4.7.1970, det C.M. Wetmore



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[GZU 27-94b], Afghanistan, Prov. Paktia, 4 km N Rabat, ca. 10 km S Chamkanni, an der Straße nach Zambar. 69°47’30’’ E, 33°47’30’’ N, ca. 1800 m. Lichtung in Cedrus deodara Wald, Erdbuckeln (Löss) mit Grashorsten. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 80), 4.7.1970, det C.M. Wetmore



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[GZU 27-94b], Afghanistan, Prov. Paktia, 4 km N Rabat, ca. 10 km S Chamkanni, an der Straße nach Zambar. 69°47’30’’ E, 33°47’30’’ N, ca. 1800 m. Lichtung in Cedrus deodara Wald, Erdbuckeln (Löss) mit Grashorsten. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 80), 4.7.1970, det C.M. Wetmore



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[GZU 27-94b], Afghanistan, Prov. Paktia, 4 km N Rabat, ca. 10 km S Chamkanni, an der Straße nach Zambar. 69°47’30’’ E, 33°47’30’’ N, ca. 1800 m. Lichtung in Cedrus deodara Wald, Erdbuckeln (Löss) mit Grashorsten. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 80), 4.7.1970, det C.M. Wetmore



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[GZU 27-94b], Afghanistan, Prov. Paktia, 4 km N Rabat, ca. 10 km S Chamkanni, an der Straße nach Zambar. 69°47’30’’ E, 33°47’30’’ N, ca. 1800 m. Lichtung in Cedrus deodara Wald, Erdbuckeln (Löss) mit Grashorsten. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 80), 4.7.1970, det C.M. Wetmore



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[GZU 27-94b], Afghanistan, Prov. Paktia, 4 km N Rabat, ca. 10 km S Chamkanni, an der Straße nach Zambar. 69°47’30’’ E, 33°47’30’’ N, ca. 1800 m. Lichtung in Cedrus deodara Wald, Erdbuckeln (Löss) mit Grashorsten. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 80), 4.7.1970, det C.M. Wetmore



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[GZU 27-94b], Afghanistan, Prov. Paktia, 4 km N Rabat, ca. 10 km S Chamkanni, an der Straße nach Zambar. 69°47’30’’ E, 33°47’30’’ N, ca. 1800 m. Lichtung in Cedrus deodara Wald, Erdbuckeln (Löss) mit Grashorsten. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 80), 4.7.1970, det C.M. Wetmore



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[GZU 27-94b], Afghanistan, Prov. Paktia, 4 km N Rabat, ca. 10 km S Chamkanni, an der Straße nach Zambar. 69°47’30’’ E, 33°47’30’’ N, ca. 1800 m. Lichtung in Cedrus deodara Wald, Erdbuckeln (Löss) mit Grashorsten. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 80), 4.7.1970, det C.M. Wetmore



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[GZU 27-94b], Afghanistan, Prov. Paktia, 4 km N Rabat, ca. 10 km S Chamkanni, an der Straße nach Zambar. 69°47’30’’ E, 33°47’30’’ N, ca. 1800 m. Lichtung in Cedrus deodara Wald, Erdbuckeln (Löss) mit Grashorsten. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 80), 4.7.1970, det C.M. Wetmore



Domenico Puntillo; Owner: Domenico Puntillo
Italy



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 41570



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 41570



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 41570



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04
TSB 15363



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04
GZU - Ref.Herb.Poelt (11514)



Domenico Puntillo; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italia, Calabria, Gidora di Luzzi
2008