Arthonia didyma Körb.
Denkschr. schles. Ges. vaterl. Kultur: 235, 1853.
Synonyms: Arthonia aspersella Leight.; Arthonia atrofuscella Nyl.; Arthonia pineti Körb.; Arthonia sapineti Nyl.; Caldesia didyma (Körb.) Trevis.
Distribution: N - Ven, TAA (Nascimbene & al. 2007b, 2014, Nascimbene 2014, Trindade & al. 2021), Lomb, Piem (Piervittori 2003, Isocrono & al. 2004, Giordani & Malaspina 2016). C - Tosc (Stofer 2006, Brunialti & Frati 2010, Brunialti & al. 2012b), Umb (Ravera 1998, Ravera & al. 2006), Laz (Ravera 2001, 2006c, Nimis & Tretiach 2004, Stofer 2006), Abr (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Corona & al. 2016), Mol (Caporale & al. 2008, Ravera & Genovesi 2010, Ravera & al. 2010), Sar (Rizzi & al. 2011, Cossu 2013, Di Nuzzo & al. 2022). S - Pugl (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Bas (Potenza 2006, Potenza & al. 2010, Potenza & Fascetti 2012), Cal (Puntillo 1996).
Description: Thallus crustose, mostly endosubstratic and inconspicuous, pale brown or olive-grey, sometimes with a pink hue when fresh. Apothecia arthonioid, immarginate, more or less immersed, rounded, shortly ellipsoid or weakly and irregularly lobed, 0.1-0.5 mm wide, 45-70 μm tall, with a dark brown to brown-black, epruinose, mostly flat disc. Epithecium yellowish brown to reddish-brown, c. 5 μm high, K+ purple-violet or K-, the pigments dissolving; hymenium colourless to spottily pale orange-brown, the pigmented parts K+ purple-violet or K-, 33-50 μm high; paraphysoids 0.5-1.5 μm thick, brown-walled, the apical cells to 2.5 μm wide; hypothecium red-brown, 5-30 μm high, the pigment K+ grey or olive. Asci 8-spored, subglobose, semi-fissitunicate, with a large apical dome and a distinct ocular chamber, Arthonia-type. Ascospores 1-septate and slightly constricted at septum, with subequal to unequal cells, at first hyaline and smooth, later brownish and warted, ovoid, (12-)14-18 x (4-)5-8 μm, thick-walled, but without a gelatinous sheath. Pycnidia rare, immersed, the wall red-brown, K+ olive-grey. Conidia bacilliform, 3.5-4 x c. 0.7 μm. Photobiont trentepohlioid. Spot tests: K-, C-, KC-, P-. Chemistry: thallus without lichen substances; anthraquinones in pigmented parts of the apothecia. Note: a cool-temperate species found on smooth, acid bark in humid areas, most frequent in the beech belt of Tyrrhenian Italy. Forms with apothecia devoid of anthraquinones were formerly treated as A. aspersella Nyl.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: rather rare
Submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Humid mediterranean belt: extremely rare
Dry mediterranean belt: absent
Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14965], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Tübingen, zwischen Dettenhausen und Bebenhausen, bei der Bärlochhütte im schattigen Buchenwald, 450 m
P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 22890
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19622], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, am Parkplatz nahe der Zachersmühle im Heiligenwald, auf Laubbaum, 48.75277° N, 9.61983° E, 364 m. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 07.02.2017
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19622], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, am Parkplatz nahe der Zachersmühle im Heiligenwald, auf Laubbaum, 48.75277° N, 9.61983° E, 364 m. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 07.02.2017
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19622], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, am Parkplatz nahe der Zachersmühle im Heiligenwald, auf Laubbaum, 48.75277° N, 9.61983° E, 364 m. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 07.02.2017
Photo uploaded by P. Cannon, CC BY-SA NC Source: http://fungi.myspecies.info/file/12736
Photo uploaded by P. Cannon, CC BY-SA NC Source: http://fungi.myspecies.info/file/12736
Photo uploaded by P. Cannon, CC BY-SA NC Source: http://fungi.myspecies.info/file/12426
Redinger, K. (1938) Arthoniaceae, Graphidaceae . In Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. Band 9, 2 Abt., Part 1 (G. L. Rabenhorst, ed.): 181–404. Leipzig: Borntraeger
Zahlbruckner A. 1926. Lichenes (Flechten). In: Engler A. (ed.): Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. 2nd ed., vol 8, W. Engelmann, Leipzig, 270 pp.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14981], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, Marbachtal an Fagus, 350 m.
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Courtesy Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_A/Textes_A2/Arthonia_didyma.htm
France, Session AFL 2014 - Parc de Mercantour
Courtesy Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_A/Textes_A2/Arthonia_didyma.htm
France, Session AFL 2014 - Parc de Mercantour
Courtesy Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_A/Textes_A2/Arthonia_didyma.htm
France, Session AFL 2014 - Parc de Mercantour
Courtesy Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_A/Textes_A2/Arthonia_didyma.htm
France, Session AFL 2014 - Parc de Mercantour
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=395&lang=en
France, Argonne
Bernard Bouffinet - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=395&lang=en
France, Cranou
Bernard Bouffinet - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=395&lang=en
France, Cranou
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=395&lang=en
France, Argonne
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=395&lang=en
France, Argonne
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
On smooth bark of deciduous trees.Central Europe: Germany.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: rather rare
Submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Humid mediterranean belt: extremely rare
Dry mediterranean belt: absent
Predictive model
| Herbarium samples |
Index Fungorum
GBIF
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14965], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Tübingen, zwischen Dettenhausen und Bebenhausen, bei der Bärlochhütte im schattigen Buchenwald, 450 m
P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 22890
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19622], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, am Parkplatz nahe der Zachersmühle im Heiligenwald, auf Laubbaum, 48.75277° N, 9.61983° E, 364 m. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 07.02.2017
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19622], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, am Parkplatz nahe der Zachersmühle im Heiligenwald, auf Laubbaum, 48.75277° N, 9.61983° E, 364 m. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 07.02.2017
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19622], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, am Parkplatz nahe der Zachersmühle im Heiligenwald, auf Laubbaum, 48.75277° N, 9.61983° E, 364 m. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 07.02.2017
Photo uploaded by P. Cannon, CC BY-SA NC Source: http://fungi.myspecies.info/file/12736
Photo uploaded by P. Cannon, CC BY-SA NC Source: http://fungi.myspecies.info/file/12736
Photo uploaded by P. Cannon, CC BY-SA NC Source: http://fungi.myspecies.info/file/12426
Redinger, K. (1938) Arthoniaceae, Graphidaceae . In Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. Band 9, 2 Abt., Part 1 (G. L. Rabenhorst, ed.): 181–404. Leipzig: Borntraeger
Zahlbruckner A. 1926. Lichenes (Flechten). In: Engler A. (ed.): Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. 2nd ed., vol 8, W. Engelmann, Leipzig, 270 pp.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14981], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, Marbachtal an Fagus, 350 m.
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Courtesy Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_A/Textes_A2/Arthonia_didyma.htm
France, Session AFL 2014 - Parc de Mercantour
Courtesy Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_A/Textes_A2/Arthonia_didyma.htm
France, Session AFL 2014 - Parc de Mercantour
Courtesy Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_A/Textes_A2/Arthonia_didyma.htm
France, Session AFL 2014 - Parc de Mercantour
Courtesy Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_A/Textes_A2/Arthonia_didyma.htm
France, Session AFL 2014 - Parc de Mercantour
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=395&lang=en
France, Argonne
Bernard Bouffinet - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=395&lang=en
France, Cranou
Bernard Bouffinet - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=395&lang=en
France, Cranou
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=395&lang=en
France, Argonne
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=395&lang=en
France, Argonne
