Lecidea lithophila (Ach.) Ach.

Syn. Meth. Lich.: 14, 1814. Basionym: Lecidea lapicida var. lithophila Ach. - K. Vetensk.-Akad. Nya Handl., 29: 233, 1808.
Synonyms: Lecidea farinosa H. Magn.; Lecidea heteromorpha H. Magn.; Lecidea lithophiliza Nyl.; Lecidea ochracea Fée; Lecidea pruinosa auct.; Lecidea silacea var. lecanactis A. Massal.; Lecidella lithophila (Ach.) Arnold; Lecidella pruinosa Körb.
Distribution: N - Ven (Lazzarin 2000b), TAA (Lecid. Exs. 268: Hertel 1992b, Hertel & Schuhwerk 2010, Nascimbene & al. 2022), Lomb, Piem (Isocrono & al. 2004), VA (Borlandelli & al. 1996, Piervittori & Isocrono 1997, 1999), Emil (Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig. C - Tosc, Sar (Neuwirth 2018). S - Camp.
Description: Thallus crustose, usually thinly episubstratic, continuous to rimose-areolate, grey-white to ochraceous, sometimes patchily rust-red (on iron-rich substrata), the areoles flat to slightly convex, forming large patches and sometimes mosaics, the individual thalli separated by black lines; sometimes however the thallus is poorly developed and hardly evident. Medulla white, I-. Apothecia lecideine, black to brown-black but turning dark red-brown when wet (wait for a few minutes), appressed-adnate to finally sessile, not constricted at base, 0.3-1.5(-2) mm across, round to irregular in outline by mutual compression, with an often cracked to deeply split, flat to slightly convex, blue-pruinose (in young apothecia) to epruinose disc, and a flexuose, raised, persistent proper margin. Proper exciple dark brown to greenish brown in outer part, colourless or pale brown within, of intricate-radiating hyphae, the marginal cells thin-walled, 1-3 µm thick, the medullary part filled with minute crystals; epithecium brown to rarely olive-brown, K-; hymenium colourless, 40-75 µm high, I+ blue; paraphyses coherent, simple or rarely branched, 1.5-2 µm thick at mid-level, the apical cells 3-4 µm wide; hypothecium colourless, I+ intensively blue. Asci 8-spored, narrowly clavate, thick-walled, with a K/I+ pale blue tholus and a strongly amyloid, thin apical cushion, surrounded by a I+ blue outer layer, Lecidea-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, narrowly ellipsoid, sometimes pseudodiblastic (containing 2 large oil droplets), 9-15 x (4-)4.5-7 µm. Pycnidia dark, immersed. Conidia bacilliform, 12-18 µm long. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus and medulla K-, C-, KC-, P-, UV-. Chemistry: planaic acid (major), 4-0-demethylp1anaic acid (usually traces).
Note: an ecologically wide-ranging, pioneer species found on vertical to slightly inclined surfaces of acid siliceous rocks close to the ground, also on iron-rich substrata, with optimum above the montane belt. The world distribution was mapped by Hertel (2006).
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Pioneer species

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: extremely common
Subalpine belt: very common
Oromediterranean belt: very rare
Montane belt: rare
Submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF

Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=621&lang=en
France, Commana


Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu


Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu


Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu


Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (9136)
2001/11/26


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=621&lang=en
France, Commana


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=621&lang=en
France, Commana


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=621&lang=en
France, Plouneour-Menez


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=621&lang=en
France, Roc'h Vri


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=621&lang=en
France, Roc'h Vri


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=621&lang=en
France, Roc'h Vri


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=621&lang=en
France, Roc'h Vri


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=621&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=621&lang=en
France, Commana



Pier Luigi Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 41626


Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=621&lang=en
France, Plouneour-Menez


Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=621&lang=en
France, Plouneour-Menez


Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=621&lang=en
France, Plouneour-Menez


Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=621&lang=en
France, Saint-Herbot


Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=621&lang=en
France, Roc'h Trédudon


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=858&lang=en
France, Pointe de Tremet
pierre de chemin


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=858&lang=en
France, Pointe de Tremet
pierre de chemin


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=858&lang=en
France, Pointe de Tremet
pierre de chemin


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=858&lang=en
France, Pointe de Tremet
pierre de chemin


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1350&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
on metal


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1350&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
on metal


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1350&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
on metal


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1350&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
on metal


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1350&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
on metal


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1350&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
on metal


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1350&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
on metal


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1350&lang=en
France, Brennilis
on metal


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1350&lang=en
France, Brennilis
on metal


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse (Rhön Mountains).