Melanelixia glabratula (Lamy) Sandler & Arup

in Arup & Sandler Berlin, Lichenologist, 43: 96, 2011. Basionym: Parmelia fuliginosa subsp. glabratula Lamy - Bull. Soc. bot. Fr., 30: 353, 1883.
Synonyms: Imbricaria olivacea var. isidioides auct. ital.; Melanelia fuliginosa subsp. glabratula (Lamy) Coppins; Melanelia glabratula (Lamy) Essl.; Melanelixia fuliginosa subsp. glabratula (Lamy) J.R. Laundon; Parmelia budae (Gyeln.) Gyeln.; Parmelia ferruginascens (Rosend.) Gyeln.; Parmelia flotowiana Gyeln.; Parmelia fuliginosa var. laetevirens (Flot.) Nyl.; Parmelia glabratula (Lamy) Nyl.; Parmelia laetevirens (Flot.) F. Rosend.; Parmelia olivacea var. pannosa Beltr.
Distribution: N - VG (Castello 1996, 2002, Carvalho 1997, Martellos & Castello 2004, Castello & Skert 2005), Frl (Badin & Nimis 1996, Lazzarin 1997, Tretiach & Molaro 2007), Ven (Nascimbene & Caniglia 1997, Caniglia & al. 1999, Lazzarin 2000, Valcuvia & al. 2000c, Nascimbene 2006c, 2011, Nascimbene & al. 2005b, 2006c, 2007, Nascimbene & Marini 2010), TAA (Nascimbene & Caniglia 2000b, Gottardini & al. 2004, Nascimbene & al. 2007b, 2010, 2014, 2022, Zarabska & al. 2009, Nascimbene 2013, 2014, Nascimbene & Marini 2015, Nimis & al. 2015), Lomb (Rivellini 1994, Alessio & al. 1995, Zocchi & al. 1997, Roella 1999, Arosio & al. 2000, 2003, Valcuvia & al. 2003, Stofer 2006, Furlanetto 2010, Gheza 2019, Gheza & al. 2020, 2023), Piem (Caniglia & al. 1992, Morisi & Sereno 1995, Arosio & al. 1998, Piervittori 1989, 2003, Isocrono & Falletti 1999, Ricchiardone & al. 2002, Isocrono & al. 2004, 2005b, 2006, 2007, 2009, Griselli & al. 2003, Isocrono & Piervittori 2008, Furlanetto 2010, Matteucci & al. 2010, Giordani & Malaspina 2016), VA (Piervittori & Isocrono 1999, Valcuvia & al. 2000b, Piervittori & al. 2001, Matteucci & al. 2008, Isocrono & al. 2008, Ongaro & al. 2022), Emil (Gasparo & Tretiach 1996, Bassi 1995, Nimis & al. 1996, Tretiach & al. 2008, Benesperi 2009, Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig (Castello & al. 1994, Brunialti & al. 1999, Giordani & al. 2001, Brunialti & Giordani 2003, Giordani 2006). C - Tosc (Loppi & al. 1992, 1996b, 1996c, 1997, 1997b, 1998, 2004c, 2006, Tretiach & Nimis 1994, Loppi & Putortì 1995b, 2001, Loppi & De Dominicis 1996b, Loppi 1996, Monaci & al. 1997, Loppi & Nascimbene 1998, 2010, Putortì & al. 1998, 1999, 1999b, Putortì & Loppi 1999b, Benesperi 2000a, Loppi & Pirintsos 2000, 2006, 2011, Lorenzini & al. 2003, Benesperi & al. 2007, Paoli & Loppi 2008, Lastrucci & al. 2009, Brunialti & Frati 2010, Loppi & Baragatti 2011, Brunialti & al. 2012b, Paoli & al. 2012, 2015d, Brackel 2015, Nascimbene & al. 2015), Marc (Gasparo & al. 1989, Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Frati & Brunialti 2006, Brackel 2015), Umb (Ravera 1998, Ravera & al. 2006, Panfili 2007), Laz (Massari & Ravera 2002, Nimis & Tretiach 2004, Ruisi & al. 2005, Munzi & al. 2007, Brackel 2015), Abr (Recchia & al. 1993, Olivieri & al. 1997, 1997b, Loppi & al. 1999, Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Stofer 2006, Brackel 2015, Caporale & al. 2016, Gheza & al. 2021), Mol (Garofalo & al. 1999, Caporale & al. 2008, Ravera & al. 2010, Paoli & al. 2015, Brackel 2020, Caporale & Ravera 2020), Sar (Zedda 1995, 2002, Nöske 2000, Loi & al. 2000, Rizzi & al. 2011, Cossu 2013, Neuwirth 2018, Di Nuzzo & al. 2022). S - Camp (Garofalo & al. 1999, 2010, Aprile & al. 2003b, 2011, Nimis & Tretiach 2004, Nascimbene & al. 2010b, Brunialti & al. 2013, Ravera & Brunialti 2013, Catalano & al. 2016), Pugl (Garofalo & al. 1999, Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Bas (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Potenza 2006, Brackel 2011), Cal (Puntillo 1996, Incerti & Nimis 2006), Si (Ottonello & al. 1994, Grillo & Cristaudo 1995, Ottonello 1996, Schicchi & al. 1997, Grillo 1998, Grillo & Caniglia 2004, 2006, Caniglia & Grillo 2006b, Falco Scampatellil 2005, Brackel 2008b, Campisi & al. 2020).
Description: Thallus foliose, heteromerous, dorsiventral, rather loosely adpressed, forming up to 8(-10) cm wide, orbicular rosettes. Lobes (1-)2-4 mm broad, pale to dark olive-green or olive-brown, smooth to wrinkled, glossy especially at lobe tips, with more or less cylindrical, often branched and coralloid, up to 1.5 mm tall, 0.07-0.12 mm thick isidia which easily break off, leaving white scars, the marginal zone usually without isidia for 2-7.5 mm. Lower surface dark brown to black, paler toward the edges, with mostly simple, dark rhizines. Upper cortex paraplectenchymatous, with a pored epicortex, the cell walls containing isolichenan; medulla white, sometime swith an orange pigment in lower part; lower cortex paraplectenchymatous. Apothecia rather rare, lecanorine, sessile, to 6 mm across, with a brown disc and a papillate-isidiate thalline margin. Epithecium brown; hymenium and hypothecium colourless. Asci 8-spored, clavate, Lecanora-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, 10-14 x 5-9(-10) μm. Pycnidia dark, immersed, laminal. Conidia bacilliform, slightly swollen at both ends, 6-7.5 x 1 μm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: upper cortex K-, C-, KC-, P-; medulla K- (K+ red when the orange pigment is present), C+ red, KC+ red, P-. Chemistry: medulla with lecanoric acid, sometimes with a K+ red pigment in patches.
Note: a mainly temperate, ecologically wide-ranging species occurring both on wayside trees and in open forests (e.g. on Fagus). The greatest majority of the post-1993 records of M. fuliginosa from Italy refer to this epiphytic species. For further details see Arup & Sandler Berlin (2011).
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by isidia, or isidia-like structures (e.g. schizidia)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: extremely rare
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: extremely common
Submediterranean belt: very common
Padanian area: rare
Humid submediterranean belt: very common
Humid mediterranean belt: rather rare
Dry mediterranean belt: rare

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples


Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst, Basovizza
21/02/2008



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (35012)
2002/05/16
detail of isidia



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (35012)
2002/05/16



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (30659)
2002/11/04



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, TS, Basovizza; altitude: 2
2008.02.21



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, TS, Basovizza; altitude: 2
2008.02.21



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, TS, Basovizza; altitude: 2
2008.02.21



P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (36993)
2008.02.28


Gabriele Gheza, Tromello (PV); Owner: Gabriele Gheza, Tromello (PV)



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst near Borgo Grotta Gigante
16/02/2017



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst near Borgo Grotta Gigante
16/02/2017



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst near Borgo Grotta Gigante
16/02/2017



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst near Borgo Grotta Gigante
16/02/2017



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Udine, Lago di Sauris, Bosco della Stua, Carnic Alps (Ampezzo Carnico) 1000 m; altitude: 1000 m
12/08/2017



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[1146], GERMANY, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, Remshalde nördlich von Breech-Rattenharz, auf Laubbaum in einer Lichtung im Nadelwald, MTB 7223. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 20.01.1968
as M. fuliginosa



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[1146], GERMANY, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, Remshalde nördlich von Breech-Rattenharz, auf Laubbaum in einer Lichtung im Nadelwald, MTB 7223. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 20.01.1968
as M. fuliginosa



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[1146], GERMANY, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, Remshalde nördlich von Breech-Rattenharz, auf Laubbaum in einer Lichtung im Nadelwald, MTB 7223. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 20.01.1968
as M. fuliginosa



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[1146], GERMANY, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, Remshalde nördlich von Breech-Rattenharz, auf Laubbaum in einer Lichtung im Nadelwald, MTB 7223. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 20.01.1968
as M. fuliginosa



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[1146], GERMANY, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, Remshalde nördlich von Breech-Rattenharz, auf Laubbaum in einer Lichtung im Nadelwald, MTB 7223. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 20.01.1968
at: atranorin (trace), le: lecanoric acid, cl:5-chlorolecanoric acid - as M. fuliginosa


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=466&lang=en
France, Le Relecq


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=466&lang=en
France, Le Relecq


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=466&lang=en
France, Le Relecq


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=466&lang=en
France, Le Relecq


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=466&lang=en
France, Le Relecq


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=466&lang=en
France, Le Relecq


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=466&lang=en
France, Lesteven


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=466&lang=en
France, Lesteven


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=826&lang=en
France, Pointe du Guern
saxicolous


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=826&lang=en
France, Commana
saxicolous


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=826&lang=en
France, Stangala
saxicolous


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=826&lang=en
France, Stangala
saxicolous


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=826&lang=en
France, Pointe du Guern
saxicolous


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=826&lang=en
France, Roc'h Trevezel
saxicolous


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=826&lang=en
France, Stangala
saxicolous


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=826&lang=en
France, Stangala
saxicolous


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=826&lang=en
France, Stangala
saxicolous


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=826&lang=en
France, Stangala
saxicolous


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=826&lang=en
France, Stangala
saxicolous


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=826&lang=en
France, Stangala
saxicolous


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=826&lang=en
France, Stangala
saxicolous


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=826&lang=en
France, Stangala
saxicolous


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=826&lang=en
France, Stangala
saxicolous


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 – Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.