Mycoblastus affinis (Schaer.) T. Schauer

in Poelt & Steiner, Sched. ad Lich. Alpium, 12: 230, 1964. Basionym: Lecidea affinis Schaer. - Enum. Crit. Lich. Eur.: 132, 1850.
Synonyms: Lecidea melina Kremp. ex Nyl.; Lecidea sanguinaria var. affinis (Schaer.) Nyl.; Lecidea sanguinaria var. melina Kremp. ex Nyl.; Megalospora affinis (Schaer.) A. Massal.; Megalospora alpina (Fr) Arnold; Mycoblastus alpinus (Fr.) Hellb.; Mycoblastus melinus (Kremp. ex Nyl.) Hellb.; Mycoblastus sanguinarius var. alpinus (Fr.) Stein
Distribution: N - Ven (Nascimbene & Caniglia 2000, 2003c, Nascimbene & al. 2006e, 2009, 2013b, Nascimbene 2008c), TAA (Stofer 2006, Nascimbene & al. 2007b, 2010, 2014, 2022, Nascimbene 2008b, 2013, 2014, Nimis & al. 2015).
Description: Thallus crustose, episubstratic, rather thick and granular-warted or thin and film-like, pale grey or green-grey, with or without soralia, forming regular or irregular. up to c. 10 cm wide patches, sometimes delimited by a thin, grey to blackish prothallus. Soralia (when present) at first scattered and punctiform, bright yellow or lemon-yellow, the colour contrasting with that of the other parts of thallus, bursting from low warts, discrete or occasionally a few fused, up to 2.5 mm across, crateriform, flat or convex, finally often subglobose and constricted at the base, the soredia mostly farinose, gathered into globose to ellipsoid, up to 50(-110) μm wide consoredia. Medulla distinct, white. Apothecia rare in sorediate forms, common in esorediate forms, biatorine, 0.5-1.5 mm across, black or bluish black, with a concave to finally strongly convex disc, emarginate. Epithecium blue-black, rarely partly olive-brown, non-granular, K-; hymenium colourless at least in lower part, K-; paraphyses branched and anastomosing; hypothecium colourless to yellowish brown, K+ red-brown. Asci (1-)2-spored, cylindrical-clavate, thick-walled, the apical dome K/I+ blue, with a distinct ocular chamber, the outer layer thickened and forming a K/I+ dark blue apical cap. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid with pointed apices, (40-)50-80(-100) x (25-)30-42 μm, thin-walled. Pycnidia with a dark green wall. Conidia bacilliform. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: K+ yellow (sometimes faintly), C- or C+ pale yellow (soralia), KC- or KC+ yellow (soralia), P-, UV- or UV+ white. Chemistry: cortex with atranorin, chloroatranorin and planaic acid; soralia with additional usnic acid and variable amounts of isousnic acid.
Note: an incompletely circumboreal-montane species found on old conifers, especially Abies and Picea, in open, humid, montane to subalpine woodlands, more rarely on lignum or siliceous rocks, perhaps more widespread in the Alps, but not common. I include here also the sorediate forms formerly called M. alpinus. In the Italian red list of epiphytic lichens it was flagged as “Endangered” (Nascimbene & al. 2013c).
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: extremely rare
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: very rare
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples


P.L. Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 42021


Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php . Courtesy: Anita Stridvall



Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Paneveggio, Reg. Trentino-Alto Adige Prov. Trento, Italy.
2006



Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Paneveggio, Reg. Trentino-Alto Adige Prov. Trento, Italy.
2006



Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Paneveggio, Reg. Trentino-Alto Adige Prov. Trento, Italy.
2006



Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Paneveggio, Reg. Trentino-Alto Adige Prov. Trento, Italy.
2006



Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Paneveggio, Reg. Trentino-Alto Adige Prov. Trento, Italy.
2006



Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Paneveggio, Reg. Trentino-Alto Adige Prov. Trento, Italy.
2006



Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Paneveggio, Reg. Trentino-Alto Adige Prov. Trento, Italy.
2006



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14153], Portugal, Azoren, Terceira, im Gebiet Terra Brava südlich Algualvar, 38°44.738' N, 27°11.880' W, ca. 650 m. Leg. Aptroot & Schumm 15.07.2008



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14153], Portugal, Azoren, Terceira, im Gebiet Terra Brava südlich Algualvar, 38°44.738' N, 27°11.880' W, ca. 650 m. Leg. Aptroot & Schumm 15.07.2008



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14153], Portugal, Azoren, Terceira, im Gebiet Terra Brava südlich Algualvar, 38°44.738' N, 27°11.880' W, ca. 650 m. Leg. Aptroot & Schumm 15.07.2008



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14153], Portugal, Azoren, Terceira, im Gebiet Terra Brava südlich Algualvar, 38°44.738' N, 27°11.880' W, ca. 650 m. Leg. Aptroot & Schumm 15.07.2008



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14153], Portugal, Azoren, Terceira, im Gebiet Terra Brava südlich Algualvar, 38°44.738' N, 27°11.880' W, ca. 650 m. Leg. Aptroot & Schumm 15.07.2008



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14153], Portugal, Azoren, Terceira, im Gebiet Terra Brava südlich Algualvar, 38°44.738' N, 27°11.880' W, ca. 650 m. Leg. Aptroot & Schumm 15.07.2008



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14153], Portugal, Azoren, Terceira, im Gebiet Terra Brava südlich Algualvar, 38°44.738' N, 27°11.880' W, ca. 650 m. Leg. Aptroot & Schumm 15.07.2008



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14153], Portugal, Azoren, Terceira, im Gebiet Terra Brava südlich Algualvar, 38°44.738' N, 27°11.880' W, ca. 650 m. Leg. Aptroot & Schumm 15.07.2008



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14153], Portugal, Azoren, Terceira, im Gebiet Terra Brava südlich Algualvar, 38°44.738' N, 27°11.880' W, ca. 650 m. Leg. Aptroot & Schumm 15.07.2008



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14153], Portugal, Azoren, Terceira, im Gebiet Terra Brava südlich Algualvar, 38°44.738' N, 27°11.880' W, ca. 650 m. Leg. Aptroot & Schumm 15.07.2008



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14153], Portugal, Azoren, Terceira, im Gebiet Terra Brava südlich Algualvar, 38°44.738' N, 27°11.880' W, ca. 650 m. Leg. Aptroot & Schumm 15.07.2008



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14153], Portugal, Azoren, Terceira, im Gebiet Terra Brava südlich Algualvar, 38°44.738' N, 27°11.880' W, ca. 650 m. Leg. Aptroot & Schumm 15.07.2008



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14153], Portugal, Azoren, Terceira, im Gebiet Terra Brava südlich Algualvar, 38°44.738' N, 27°11.880' W, ca. 650 m. Leg. Aptroot & Schumm 15.07.2008



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14153], Portugal, Azoren, Terceira, im Gebiet Terra Brava südlich Algualvar, 38°44.738' N, 27°11.880' W, ca. 650 m. Leg. Aptroot & Schumm 15.07.2008



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19474], Austria, Salisburgia, Klingelbergalm ad meridiem versus a Dientener Sattel, alt. 1540 m, ad lignum Piceae abies. Leg. R. Türk (Nr. 8644), 11.06. 1989. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2362



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (13693)
2001/11/26



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19474], Austria, Salisburgia, Klingelbergalm ad meridiem versus a Dientener Sattel, alt. 1540 m, ad lignum Piceae abies. Leg. R. Türk (Nr. 8644), 11.06. 1989. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2362



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19474], Austria, Salisburgia, Klingelbergalm ad meridiem versus a Dientener Sattel, alt. 1540 m, ad lignum Piceae abies. Leg. R. Türk (Nr. 8644), 11.06. 1989. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2362



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19474], Austria, Salisburgia, Klingelbergalm ad meridiem versus a Dientener Sattel, alt. 1540 m, ad lignum Piceae abies. Leg. R. Türk (Nr. 8644), 11.06. 1989. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2362



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19474], Austria, Salisburgia, Klingelbergalm ad meridiem versus a Dientener Sattel, alt. 1540 m, ad lignum Piceae abies. Leg. R. Türk (Nr. 8644), 11.06. 1989. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2362



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19474], Austria, Salisburgia, Klingelbergalm ad meridiem versus a Dientener Sattel, alt. 1540 m, ad lignum Piceae abies. Leg. R. Türk (Nr. 8644), 11.06. 1989. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2362



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19474], Austria, Salisburgia, Klingelbergalm ad meridiem versus a Dientener Sattel, alt. 1540 m, ad lignum Piceae abies. Leg. R. Türk (Nr. 8644), 11.06. 1989. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2362



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19474], Austria, Salisburgia, Klingelbergalm ad meridiem versus a Dientener Sattel, alt. 1540 m, ad lignum Piceae abies. Leg. R. Türk (Nr. 8644), 11.06. 1989. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2362



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19474], Austria, Salisburgia, Klingelbergalm ad meridiem versus a Dientener Sattel, alt. 1540 m, ad lignum Piceae abies. Leg. R. Türk (Nr. 8644), 11.06. 1989. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2362



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19474], Austria, Salisburgia, Klingelbergalm ad meridiem versus a Dientener Sattel, alt. 1540 m, ad lignum Piceae abies. Leg. R. Türk (Nr. 8644), 11.06. 1989. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2362



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19474], Austria, Salisburgia, Klingelbergalm ad meridiem versus a Dientener Sattel, alt. 1540 m, ad lignum Piceae abies. Leg. R. Türk (Nr. 8644), 11.06. 1989. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2362



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19474], Austria, Salisburgia, Klingelbergalm ad meridiem versus a Dientener Sattel, alt. 1540 m, ad lignum Piceae abies. Leg. R. Türk (Nr. 8644), 11.06. 1989. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2362



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19474], Austria, Salisburgia, Klingelbergalm ad meridiem versus a Dientener Sattel, alt. 1540 m, ad lignum Piceae abies. Leg. R. Türk (Nr. 8644), 11.06. 1989. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2362



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19474], Austria, Salisburgia, Klingelbergalm ad meridiem versus a Dientener Sattel, alt. 1540 m, ad lignum Piceae abies. Leg. R. Türk (Nr. 8644), 11.06. 1989. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2362



P.L. Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 42021



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19474], Austria, Salisburgia, Klingelbergalm ad meridiem versus a Dientener Sattel, alt. 1540 m, ad lignum Piceae abies. Leg. R. Türk (Nr. 8644), 11.06. 1989. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2362



P.L. Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 42021



P.L. Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 42021



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 42475



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 42475



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 42475