Opegrapha vermicellifera (Kunze) J.R. Laundon

Lichenologist, 2: 139, 1963. Basionym: Pyrenotea vermicellifera Kunze in Reichenbach & Schubert - Lich. Exs.: nr. 60, 1823.
Synonyms: Opegrapha fuscella (Fr.) Almb.; Opegrapha hapaleoides Nyl.; Opegrapha leptospora Werner & M. Choisy; Opegrapha mehdiensis Werner
Distribution: N - VG (Tretiach 2015m), Ven (Nascimbene & al. 2021), TAA (Ravera & al. 2023), Lomb (Valcuvia & Truzzi 2007, 2007b, Lich. Ital. Exs. 25: Isocrono & al. 2019), Piem (Valcuvia 2002, 2002b). C - Laz, Abr (Nascimbene & al. 2021), Sar (Zedda 2002). S - Camp (CLU 17149), Pugl (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Bas (Bartoli & Puntillo 1998), Cal (Puntillo 1995, 1996, Puntillo & Puntillo 2012).
Description: Thallus crustose, thin, smooth or finely rimose, pale grey to almost white, the fertile form grey-ochre, the sterile form more whitish, forming large patches to 12 cm across. Apothecia lirelliform, confined to restricted areas on the thallus, 0.6-1.5(-2) x 0.1-0.3 mm, most often simple and isolated, rarely furcate or stellate and arranged in small clusters, half immersed, with a slit-like disc and a black to slightly grey-pruinose proper margin. Proper exciple black, carbonized, extending below the hymenium, K-; epithecium brown; hymenium colourless, 50-60 µm tall, I+ yellowish; paraphysoids branched and anastomosing, c. 1 µm thick, the apical cells hardly swollen; subhymenium brownish; hypothecium black, carbonized. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical-clavate, the inner layer of the endoascus amyloid throughout, the apical ring hardly visible, Vulgata-type. Ascospores 4-7-septate, hyaline, markedly elongate with pointed ends, 15-25(-30) x 3-4 µm, with a thin gelatinous perispore. Pycnidia often abundant (in sterile forms), 0.15-0.25 mm in diam., regularly distributed, at first immersed and appearing as brown punctiform ostioles, later prominent, appearing as white-pruinose, up to 0.4 mm tall warts, the wall K-, N-. Conidia bacilliform, straight or slightly curved, hyaline, 3-7 x 1-1.5 µm. Spot tests: K-, C-, KC-, P-, UV-. Chemistry: without lichen substances.
Note: a mild-temperate lichen found on old trees in humid areas, especially near large rivers, on faces seldom wetted by rain.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual, or asexual by conidia and thalloconidia
In underhangs rarely wetted by rain

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: absent
Submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Padanian area: extremely rare
Humid submediterranean belt: rare
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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(info)

Solar irradiation:

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(info)

Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF


P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 5237



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (7580)
2001/12/15
pycnidium



E. Pittao; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (5237)
2008.03.13



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (3996)
2001/12/15
thallus with white pycnidia



E. Pittao; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (9353)
2008.03.13



PL Nimis
TSB 23028



Domenico Puntillo; Owner: Domenico Puntillo
Italy



Domenico Puntillo; Owner: Domenico Puntillo
Italy


Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[4209], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Schwäbisch Gmünd, im Beutenbachtal bei der Beutenmühle ca. 3 km südöstlich von Lorch, ca 310 m, an Quercus, TK: 7224. Leg. F. Schumm, 29.05.1995.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[4209], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Schwäbisch Gmünd, im Beutenbachtal bei der Beutenmühle ca. 3 km südöstlich von Lorch, ca 310 m, an Quercus, TK: 7224. Leg. F. Schumm, 29.05.1995.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[4209], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Schwäbisch Gmünd, im Beutenbachtal bei der Beutenmühle ca. 3 km südöstlich von Lorch, ca 310 m, an Quercus, TK: 7224. Leg. F. Schumm, 29.05.1995.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[4209], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Schwäbisch Gmünd, im Beutenbachtal bei der Beutenmühle ca. 3 km südöstlich von Lorch, ca 310 m, an Quercus, TK: 7224. Leg. F. Schumm, 29.05.1995.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[4209], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Schwäbisch Gmünd, im Beutenbachtal bei der Beutenmühle ca. 3 km südöstlich von Lorch, ca 310 m, an Quercus, TK: 7224. Leg. F. Schumm, 29.05.1995.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[4209], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Schwäbisch Gmünd, im Beutenbachtal bei der Beutenmühle ca. 3 km südöstlich von Lorch, ca 310 m, an Quercus, TK: 7224. Leg. F. Schumm, 29.05.1995.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[4209], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Schwäbisch Gmünd, im Beutenbachtal bei der Beutenmühle ca. 3 km südöstlich von Lorch, ca 310 m, an Quercus, TK: 7224. Leg. F. Schumm, 29.05.1995.



E. Pittao; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (23020)
2008.03.13



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 42575



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 42575



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 42575



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 42575



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 41759



E. Pittao; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (23028)
2008.03.13


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_O/Opegrapha_vermicellifera.htm
France, ession AFL 2015 dans le Lot, Autoire


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_O/Opegrapha_vermicellifera.htm
France, ession AFL 2015 dans le Lot, Autoire


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=524&lang=en
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Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=524&lang=en
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Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=524&lang=en
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Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=524&lang=en
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Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=524&lang=en
France, Telgruc Rosmadec


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=524&lang=en
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Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=524&lang=en
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Joel Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=524&lang=en
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Joel Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=524&lang=en
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Joel Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=524&lang=en
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Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=524&lang=en
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Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=524&lang=en
France, Landevennec


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=524&lang=en
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Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=524&lang=en
France, Landevennec


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=524&lang=en
France, Landevennec