Parmelia ernstiae Feuerer & A. Thell

Mitt. Inst. allg. Bot. Hamburg, 30-32: 52, 2002.
Synonyms:
Distribution: N - Ven (Castellani & al. 2021), C - Tosc (Castellani & al. 2021), Abr (Corona & al. 2016). S - Camp (Ravera 2012, Castellani & al. 2021), Pugl (Castellani & al. 2021), Cal (Castellani & al. 2021), Si (B 60 0174204, det. H. Sipman).
Description: Thallus foliose, heteromerous, dorsiventral, rather loosely attached, forming 4-10 cm wide, usually irregular rosettes. Lobes short and broad, contiguous, usually not overlapping, the outer ones up to 8 mm wide, with rounded apices, the central ones laciniate and subdivided into small lobules. Upper surface pale grey, dull, slightly to strongly pruinose, slightly wrinkled, with numerous, laminal, elongate-linear, very short (to 0.1 mm long), white pseudocyphellae. Isidia abundant, cylindrical to flattened, usually simple, mainly laminal and concentrated in central parts of thallus. Lower surface black, with simple to rarely furcate, black rhizines present also along the margins. Upper cortex paraplectenchymatous, of 2-6 layers of densely packed cells, with a usually non-pored epicortex, the cell walls with isolichenan; medulla white; algal layer continuous; lower cortex paraplectenchymatous, thinner than upper cortex. Apothecia not known. Pycnidia black. Conidia not observed. Spot tests: upper cortex K+ yellow, C-, KC-, P+ yellow-orange; medulla K+ yellow turning orange-red, C-, KC-, P+ orange-red, UV-. Chemistry: upper cortex with atranorin and chloroatranorin; medulla with salazinic acid (major) and consalazinic acid (minor), and variable amounts of protocetraric and lobaric acids as well as fatty acids (lichesterinic, protolichesterinic, nephrosterinic and isonephrosterinic acids).
Note: this mainly epiphytic species seems to be quite common in the Iberian Peninsula; the Italian distribution is poorly known, as the species was almost never distinguished from P. saxatilis and/or P. serrana; several Italian records could be hidden under those of P. saxatilis s.lat. The sample from Sicily was collected on Mt. Etna, near Zafferana Etnea, on Quercus and Pinus.
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Substrata: bark and rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by isidia, or isidia-like structures (e.g. schizidia)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: very rare
Submediterranean belt: very rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: very rare
Humid mediterranean belt: very rare
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Index Fungorum GBIF

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php


Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu
Estonia, Pärnumaa Co., Nedrema
2007/09/13
Thallus with isidia


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=504&lang=en
France, Sambre


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=504&lang=en
France, Sambre


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=504&lang=en
France, Sambre


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=504&lang=en
France, Sambre


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=504&lang=en
France, Sambre


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=504&lang=en
France, Sambre


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=504&lang=en
France, Sambre


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=504&lang=en
France, Sambre


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=504&lang=en
France, Sambre


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=504&lang=en
France, Sambre


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=504&lang=en
France, Sambre


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. on deciduous trees


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. on deciduous trees