Parmelia submontana Hale

Parmelia submontana Hale

Smithsonian Contr. Bot., 66: 44, 1987.

Synonyms: Parmelia bohemica Nádv. non Gyeln.; Parmelia contorta Bory non (Hoffm.) Spreng.; Parmelia saxatilis var. contorta (Bory) Zahlbr.; Parmelia sulcata var. contorta (“Bory”) Nyl.; Parmelia sulcata var. contortoides Zahlbr.

Distribution: N - Frl (Nascimbene & al. 1998), Ven (Caniglia & al. 1999, Nascimbene & Caniglia 2000, 2000b, 2003c, Nascimbene 2005c, 2008c, Thor & Nascimbene 2007, Nascimbene & al. 2009c, 2010b, 2013b), TAA (Nascimbene & Caniglia 2000, 2000b, Nascimbene 2005b, 2008b, Nascimbene & al. 2007b, 2022, Nimis & al. 2015), Lomb (Gheza 2019), VA (Borlandelli & al. 1996, Piervittori & Isocrono 1997, 1999), Emil (Dalle Vedove & al. 2002, Tretiach & al. 2008, Benesperi 2009, Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig (Brunialti & al. 1999, Giordani & al. 2002). C - Tosc (Tretiach & Nimis 1994, Tretiach & Ganis 1999, Putortì & al. 1999, Benesperi 2006, 2011, Benesperi & al. 2007, Brackel 2015, Nascimbene & al. 2015, Lich. Ital. Exs. 49: Isocrono & al. 2021, Frati & Brunialti 2023), Marc (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Umb (Ravera 1998, Ravera & al. 2006), Laz (Ravera 2001, Massari & Ravera 2002, Nimis & Tretiach 2004, Brackel 2015), Abr (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Stofer 2006, Gheza & al. 2021), Mol (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Caporale & al. 2008, Brackel 2020), Sar (Zedda 1995, Nöske 2000, Zedda & al. 2001, Rizzi & al. 2011, Di Nuzzo & al. 2022). S - Camp (Aprile & al. 2003b, Nascimbene & al. 2010b, Garofalo & al. 2010, Brunialti & al. 2013, Ravera & Brunialti 2013), Pugl (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Bas (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Potenza 2006, Potenza & al. 2010, Brackel 2011), Cal (Puntillo 1995, 1996), Si (Brackel 2008b).

Description: Thallus foliose, heteromerous, dorsiventral, very loosely attached, not forming rosettes. Lobes strap-shaped, geotropically oriented, with upwards incurved apices, sublinear, elongate, separate, to 7 cm long, 2-4(-6) mm wide, often with down-rolled margins. Upper surface grey (to pale brown in exposed situations), with a network of white, elongated pseudocyphellae which erode to form punctiform, up to 0.3 mm wide soralia soon developing dense clusters of subglobose to ovoid, rarely coralloid, c. 0.2 mm wide, soft isidia. Lower surface black, except at the brown apices, with simple to rarely furcate, black rhizines, most abundant in the older parts of thallus. Upper cortex paraplectenchymatous, of 2-6 layers of densely packed cells, with a usually non-pored epicortex, the cell walls with isolichenan; medulla white; algal layer continuous; lower cortex paraplectenchymatous, thinner than upper cortex. Apothecia extremely rare, lecanorine. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: upper cortex K+ yellow (but often slowly turning dirty orange-red due to medullary substances), C-, KC-, P+ orange-yellow; medulla K+ yellow turning orange-red, C-, KC-, P+ orange-red, UV-. Chemistry: upper cortex with atranorin; medulla with salazinic acid (major) and consalazinic acid (minor).

Note: on the trunks of old trees (mainly Fagus and Abies) in humid montane forests; locally very abundant in beech forests of the Apennines, much rarer in the Alps.

Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed

Substrata: bark

Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by isidia, or isidia-like structures (e.g. schizidia)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent

Subalpine belt: absent

Oromediterranean belt: absent

Montane belt: rather rare

Submediterranean belt: absent

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: absent

Humid mediterranean belt: absent

Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Herbarium samples

Einar Timdal - Source: http://nhm2.uio.no/lav/web/index.html - CC BY-NC

G. Incerti; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (17784)
2001/11/26
lobes

G. Incerti; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (17784)
2001/11/26

G. Incerti; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (17784)
2001/11/26
lobes

P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (36994)
2008.02.28

P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (36994)
2008.02.28

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Udine, Passo del Pura, Ampezzo Carnico, 1400 m
09.09.2016

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Udine, Passo del Pura, Ampezzo Carnico, 1400 m
09.09.2016

Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0

Italy, Veneto, Belluno, Val Tovanella, Cadore
2007

Giulio Pandeli

Italy, Toscana, Provincia di Pistoia

Giulio Pandeli

Italy, Toscana, Provincia di Pistoia

Einar Timdal - Source: http://nhm2.uio.no/lav/web/index.html - CC BY-NC

P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04

TSB 37549

P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04

TSB 37549

P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04

TSB 37550

Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/

Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/

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