Parmelina tiliacea (Hoffm.) Hale

Phytologia, 28: 481, 1974. Basionym: Lichen tiliaceus Hoffm. - Enum. Lich.: 96, pl. 16, fig. 2, 1784.
Synonyms: Imbricaria tiliacea (Hoffm.) Flot.; Imbricaria tiliacea var. aetnensis Caruso; Parmelia quercifolia var. scortea f. microphylla A. Massal.; Parmelia scortea (Ach.) Ach.; Parmelia tiliacea (Hoffm.) Ach.; Parmelia tiliacea var. scortea (Ach.) Duby
Distribution: N - VG (Castello 1996, 2002, Martellos & Castello 2004, Castello & Skert 2005), Frl (Badin & Nimis 1996, Castello & Skert 2005, Tretiach & Molaro 2007, Núñez-Zapata & al. 2015), Ven (Nimis & al. 1996c, Nascimbene & Caniglia 1997, Caniglia & al. 1999, Lazzarin 2000, 2000b, Nascimbene 2005c, 2008, 2008c, Nascimbene & Marini 2010, Nascimbene & al. 2015), TAA (Gottardini & al. 2004, Nascimbene 2005b, 2006c, 2008b, 2014, Nascimbene & al. 2007b, 2014, 2022), Lomb (Arosio & Rinaldi 1995, Valcuvia & Gianatti 1995, Valcuvia & Brusoni 1996, Brusoni & al. 1997, Zocchi & al. 1997, Roella 1999, Arosio & al. 2000, 2003, Valcuvia & al. 2003, Dalle Vedove & al. 2004, De Vita & Valcuvia 2004, Anderi & al. 2005, Valcuvia & Truzzi 2007b, Zarabska & al. 2009, Furlanetto 2010, Brackel 2013, Gheza & al. 2015, 2020, 2023, Núñez-Zapata & al. 2015, Gheza 2019), Piem (Caniglia & al. 1992, Morisi & Sereno 1995, Arosio & al. 1998, Piervittori 1998, 2003, Isocrono & Falletti 1999, Griselli & al. 2003, Castino 2004, Isocrono & al. 2004, 2005b, 2006, 2007, Morisi 2005, Isocrono & Piervittori 2008, Furlanetto 2010, Matteucci & al. 2010, Giordani & Malaspina 2016, Lich. Ital. Exs. 55: Isocrono & al. 2021), VA (Piervittori & Maffei 1996, 2001, Piervittori & Isocrono 1999, Valcuvia & al. 2000b, Piervittori & al. 2001, Matteucci & al. 2008, 2008c, Isocrono & al. 2008, Ongaro & al. 2022), Emil (Bassi 1995, Gasparo & Tretiach 1996, Nimis & al. 1996, Sallese 2003, Marconi & al. 2006, Morselli & Regazzi 2006, Tretiach & al. 2008, Cioffi 2009, Benesperi 2009, Malavasi 2014, Gerdol & al. 2014, Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig (Castello & al. 1994, Brunialti & al. 1999, Putortì & al. 1999b, Valcuvia & al. 2000, Giordani & al. 2001, 2002, Brunialti & Giordani 2003, Giordani 2006). C - Tosc (Tretiach & Nimis 1994, Loppi & Corsini 1995, 2003, Loppi & Putortì 1995, 1995b, Loppi & al. 1995, 1996, 1996b, 1996c, 1997, 1997b, 1997e, 1998, 1998b, 1999a, 2002, 2002b, 2002c, 2003, 2004, 2006, Loppi 1996, Loppi & De Dominicis 1996, 1996b, Monaci & al. 1997, Pišút 1997, Loppi & Nascimbene 1998, 2010, Putortì & al. 1998, Putortì & Loppi 1999b, Benesperi 2000a, 2011, Senese & Critelli 2000, Del Guasta 2001, Paoli & Loppi 2001, 2008, Laganà & al. 2002, Lorenzini & al. 2003, Loppi & Frati 2004, Frati & al. 2006b, 2007, Benesperi & al. 2007, Lastrucci & al. 2009, Pasquinelli & al. 2009, Brunialti & Frati 2010, Pasquinelli & Puccini 2010, Loppi & Baragatti 2011, Brunialti & al. 2012, 2012b, Paoli & al. 2012, 2012b, 2013, 2015d, Brackel 2015, Núñez-Zapata & al. 2015, Nascimbene & al. 2015, Frati & Brunialti 2023), Marc (Gasparo & al. 1989, Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Frati & Brunialti 2006, Brackel 2015), Umb (Ravera 1998, Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Putortì & Loppi 1999, Panfili 2000b, 2007, Ravera & al. 2006, Ciotti & al. 2009, Brackel 2015), Laz (Gigante & Petriccione 1995, Bartoli & al. 1997, Ravera 2002, 2008b, Massari & Ravera 2002, Ruisi & al. 2005, Munzi & al. 2007, Ravera & Genovesi 2008, Genovesi & al. 2011, Zucconi & al. 2013, Brackel 2015), Abr (Recchia & al. 1993, Olivieri & Pacioni 1996, Olivieri & al. 1997, 1997b, Loppi & al. 1999, Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Stofer 2006, Brackel 2015, Caporale & al. 2016, Corona & al. 2016, Gheza & al. 2021), Mol (Garofalo & al. 1999, Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Caporale & al. 2008, Genovesi & Ravera 2014, Paoli & al. 2015, Brackel 2020, Caporale & Ravera 2020), Sar (Monte 1993, Zedda 1995, 2002, 2002b, Nöske 2000, Loi & al. 2000, Zedda & al. 2001, Piccotto & al. 2009, Piccotto & Tretiach 2010, Rizzi & al. 2011, Kodnik & al. 2011, Giordani & al. 2013, Cossu 2013, Cossu & al. 2015, Núñez-Zapata & al. 2015, Neuwirth 2018, Brackel & Berger 2019, Di Nuzzo & al. 2022). S - Camp (Garofalo & al. 1999, 2010, Aprile & al. 2002, 2003b, 2011, Nimis & Tretiach 2004, Nascimbene & al. 2010b, Catalano & al. 2010, 2016, Brunialti & al. 2013, Ravera & Brunialti 2013), Pugl (Garofalo & al. 1999, Aprile & al. 2003, Durini & Medagli 2004, Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Brackel 2011, Gianfreda & Matino 2020), Bas (Bartoli & Puntillo 1998, Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Potenza 2006, Paoli & al. 2006, Brackel 2011), Cal (Puntillo 1996, Puntillo & Puntillo 2004, Incerti & Nimis 2006, Stofer 2006, Brackel & Puntillo 2016, 2023), Si (Nimis & al. 1994, 1996b, Ottonello & Salone 1994, Ottonello & al. 1994, Grillo & Cristaudo 1995, Ottonello 1996, Grillo 1996, Ottonello & Romano 1997, Schicchi & al. 1997, Grillo 1998, Czeczuga & al. 1999, Grasso & al. 1999, Merlo 2004, 2004b, Grillo & Caniglia 2004, 2006, Caniglia & Grillo 2006b, Falco Scampatelli 2005, Stofer 2006, Brackel 2008b, 2008c, Grillo & Cataldo 2008, Liistro & Cataldo 2011, Campisi & al. 2020).
Description: Thallus foliose, heteromerous, forming regular up to 20 cm wide rosettes. Lobes pale mineral grey to blue-grey, matt, rounded at apices, smooth, faintly maculate, (4-)5-7(-10) mm wide, with undulate to incised margins and characteristically rounded axils which sometimes bear a few, short, poorly visible cilia, the central parts of thallus with a dense cover of isidia which are at first globose, later oval to cylindrical, usually simple, concolorous with thallus in lower part, brown to black at tips; the isidia usually do not leave concave depressions when they fall off; lower surface brown at margin, otherwise black, with black, simple rhizines. Upper cortex of tightly packed, anticlinally oriented hyphae, with a pored epicortex, the cell walls with isolichenan; medulla white; algal layer continuous; lower cortex paraplectenchymatous, with rounded and thick-walled cells. Apothecia very rare, lecanorine, with a brown disc and a usually isidiate thalline margin. Epithecium brownish; hymenium and hypothecium colourless. Asci 8-spored, Lecanora-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, short-ellipsoid, 9-11 x 5-9 μm. Pycnidia rare, appearing as black dots. Conidia bacilliform, straight or slightly curved, 4-5 x 1 μm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: upper cortex K+ yellow, C-, KC-, P-; medulla K-, C+ red, KC+ red, P-, UV-. Chemistry: upper cortex with atranorin, medulla with lecanoric acid.
Note: a mainly mild-temperate lichen mostly found on broad-leaved trees, sometimes on mossy rocks, rare only in somehow continental areas, such as along the eastern part of the Peninsula. In the continental Alpine valleys, however, P. tiliacea can be also found on the North-exposed faces of isolated basic siliceous boulders. A molecular study on the genetic diversity and population structure of this species was published by Núñez-Zapata & al. (2015), showing that the highest genetical diversity is in the Canary Islands.
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Substrata: bark and rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by isidia, or isidia-like structures (e.g. schizidia)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: extremely rare
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: rather common
Submediterranean belt: common
Padanian area: extremely rare
Humid submediterranean belt: very common
Humid mediterranean belt: rather common
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

12345

(info)

Solar irradiation:

12345

(info)

Aridity:

12345

(info)

Eutrophication:

12345

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0123

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

123456

(info)


Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF


P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (31221)
2002/11/04



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (16174)
2001/12/05
detail of isidia


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (35023)
2002/05/16



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, TS, Basovizza; altitude: 2
2008.02.21



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, TS, Basovizza; altitude: 2
2008.02.21



Juri Nascimbene; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Trento, Villa Welsperg, Centro Visitatori del Parco di Paneveggio; altitude: 1030 m
03.04.2009



Juri Nascimbene; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Trento, Villa Welsperg, Centro Visitatori del Parco di Paneveggio; altitude: 1030 m
03.04.2009



Juri Nascimbene; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Trento, Villa Welsperg, Centro Visitatori del Parco di Paneveggio; altitude: 1030 m
03.04.2009



Juri Nascimbene; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Trento, Villa Welsperg, Centro Visitatori del Parco di Paneveggio; altitude: 1030 m
03.04.2009



Juri Nascimbene; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Trento, Villa Welsperg, Centro Visitatori del Parco di Paneveggio; altitude: 1030 m
03.04.2009


Antonio Valero; Owner: Antonio Valero
Spain
2010


Antonio Valero; Owner: Antonio Valero
Spain
2010


Costanza Sartori; Owner: Costanza Sartori
Italy, Veneto, Padova, Colli Euganei.
Herbarium: Forum Natura Mediterraneo
2010



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst, Rocca di Monrupino (Rupingrande)
07.07.2016


Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php



Pier Luigi Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Via Giorgieri
12/02/2017



Pier Luigi Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Via Giorgieri
12/02/2017



Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0; Owner: ITALIC - Dyades Project - Dept. of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Trento, Monte Bondone
2014


Eolena Pirttao - CC BY-SA 4.0
Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste


Simonetta Peruzzi; Owner: Simonetta Peruzzi
Italy, Toscana, Firenze, Bagno a Ripoli
2010


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Costanza Sartori Italy, Veneto, Padova, Colli Euganei. Herbarium: Forum Natura Mediterraneo 2010


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Text_P/Parmelina_tiliacea.htm
France, 18/10/2018 - sur Genista salzmannii - Ajaccio - Corse


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Text_P/Parmelina_tiliacea.htm
France, 18/10/2018 - sur Genista salzmannii - Ajaccio - Corse


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=324&lang=en
France, Provence, Manosque


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=324&lang=en
France, Provence, Manosque


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=324&lang=en
France, Provence, Manosque


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=324&lang=en
France, Provence, Drôme Provençale


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=324&lang=en
France, Provence, Drôme Provençale


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=324&lang=en
France, Provence, Drôme Provençale


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=324&lang=en
France, Provence, Drôme Provençale


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1294&lang=en
France, Corse, Lumio
saxicolous


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1294&lang=en
France, Corse, Lumio
saxicolous


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1294&lang=en
France, Corse, Porto Vecchio
saxicolous


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1294&lang=en
France, Corse, Porto Vecchio
saxicolous


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1294&lang=en
France, Corse, Porto Vecchio
saxicolous


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1294&lang=en
France, Corse, Porto Vecchio
saxicolous


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1294&lang=en
France, Corse, Porto Vecchio
saxicolous


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=324&lang=en
France, Provence, Drôme Provençale


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=324&lang=en
France, Provence, Drôme Provençale