Usnea rubicunda Stirt.
Scottish Natur., 6: 102, 1881.
Synonyms: Usnea protensa Stirt.; Usnea sublurida Stirt.
Distribution: N - Ven, TAA, Lig. C - Tosc, Laz (Bartoli & al. 1997, Massari & Ravera 2002, Zucconi & al. 2013, Brackel 2015, Lich. Ital. Exs. 48: Isocrono & al. 2020), Sar. S - Camp (Puntillo & al. 2000, Nimis & Tretiach 2004), Cal (Nimis & Puntillo 2003, Puntillo 2011), Si (Nimis & al. 1994).
Description: Thallus fruticose-filamentous, reddish-brown at least in basal parts, otherwise greenish-grey, at first shrubby, later becoming subpendulous, 3-10(-20) cm long, branching anisotomic-dichotomously with divergent branches. Main branches up to 2 mm thick, not inflated, frequently transversally or longitudinally cracked, the basal parts darker or concolorouos, with conspicuous annular cracks; lateral branches not constricted at attachment point. Papillae absent to numerous and indistinct on main branches; tubercles absent to numerous on main and secondary branches, usually absent on terminal branches, short and verrucose, sometimes eroded at top; fibrils nearly absent to numerous, short and spinulose to long and slender, irregularly distributed on the whole thallus. Soralia punctiform, irregular in outline, even or slightly stipitate, flat to erumpent, developing initially from the cortex (on the whole thallus) or on top of tubercles (on main branches), or on fibercles (on main and secondary branches), covered in abundant, clustered isidiomorphs. Cortex moderately thick to thick (9-13% of total branch thickness), shiny to vitreous in longitudinal section; medulla white, dense to compact; central axis white, rather thick (40-56%). Apothecia very rare, lecanorine. Asci 8-spored, Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests (medulla): chemotype 1) K+ yellow slowly turning orange, C-, KC-, P+ deep orange, with stictic acid (main) and norstictic and psoromic acids (accessory); chemotype 2) K+ yellow turning red, C-, KC-, P+ orange, with salazinic acid (main), and norstictic acid (accessory). Chemistry: usnic acid in cortex, medulla with stictic (major), ±norstictic (minor), ±constictic (minor), ±cryptostictic (minor), ±menegazziaic (minor) acids.Note: a mild-temperate, chiefly Mediterranean-Atlantic species found on ancient specimens of Quercus cerris, Q. suber, and other acid-barked broad-leaved trees in open, but semi-natural, warm-humid forests below the montane belt; locally abundant only in parts of Tyrrhenian Italy, from Tuscany to Calabria, mostly not far from the coast; there is no recent record from Northern Italy, where the species might be extinct. It is included in the Italian red list of epiphytic lichens as “Near-threatened” (Nascimbene & al. 2013c).
Growth form: Fruticose filamentous
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: extremely rare
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Humid mediterranean belt: extremely rare
Dry mediterranean belt: absent
Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (19732)
2001/12/12
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (19732)
2001/12/12
main branch
Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Einar Timdal - Source: http://nhm2.uio.no/lav/web/index.html - CC BY-NC
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[11046], Portugal, Azoren, Sao Miguel: Südufer des Lagoa das Furnas, 270 m, 37°45.022' N, 25°19.807' W, Schumm 03.06.2003
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[11046], Portugal, Azoren, Sao Miguel: Südufer des Lagoa das Furnas, 270 m, 37°45.022' N, 25°19.807' W, Schumm 03.06.2003
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19290], Australia, Queensland, Crediton State Forest, 16 km southwest of Finch Hatton, 21°15' S, 148°31' E, 700 m, growing on dead logs in Eucalyptus grandis dominated woodland. Leg. J.A. Elix (21063) & H. Streimann, 01.07.1986.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19290], Australia, Queensland, Crediton State Forest, 16 km southwest of Finch Hatton, 21°15' S, 148°31' E, 700 m, growing on dead logs in Eucalyptus grandis dominated woodland. Leg. J.A. Elix (21063) & H. Streimann, 01.07.1986.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19290], Australia, Queensland, Crediton State Forest, 16 km southwest of Finch Hatton, 21°15' S, 148°31' E, 700 m, growing on dead logs in Eucalyptus grandis dominated woodland. Leg. J.A. Elix (21063) & H. Streimann, 01.07.1986.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19290], Australia, Queensland, Crediton State Forest, 16 km southwest of Finch Hatton, 21°15' S, 148°31' E, 700 m, growing on dead logs in Eucalyptus grandis dominated woodland. Leg. J.A. Elix (21063) & H. Streimann, 01.07.1986.
us: usnic acid, sti: stictic acid, m: menegazziaic acid, cs: constictic acid, no: norstictic acid. Rem.: atranorin (at) and strong no in solvent A is a mistake
Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Montes de Anaga
holotype
Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Montes de Anaga
holotype
Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Montes de Anaga
holotype
Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Montes de Anaga
holotype
Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Montes de Anaga
holotype
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Usnea_rubiconda.htm
France, vril 2011
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Usnea_rubiconda.htm
France, vril 2011
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=263&lang=en
France, Crozon
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=263&lang=en
France, Crozon
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=263&lang=en
France, Crozon
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=263&lang=en
France, Crozon
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=263&lang=en
France, Landevennec
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=263&lang=en
France, Landevennec
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=263&lang=en
France, Lostmarc'h
Antonio Valero Risoto - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=263&lang=en
Spain, La Coruña
Antonio Valero Risoto - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=263&lang=en
Spain, La Coruña
Antonio Valero Risoto - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=263&lang=en
Spain, La Coruña
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=916&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan
on soil
Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=916&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan
on soil
Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=916&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan
on soil
Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=916&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan
on soil
Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=916&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan
on soil
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=916&lang=en
France, Camaret
on soil
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=916&lang=en
France, Camaret
on soil
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=916&lang=en
France, Camaret
on soil
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=916&lang=en
France, Camaret
on soil
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=916&lang=en
France, Camaret
on soil
Bernard Bouffiiner - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Crozon
fertile
Bernard Bouffiiner - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Crozon
fertile
Bernard Bouffiiner - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Crozon
fertile
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Crozon
fertile
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Crozon
fertile
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Crozon
fertile
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Crozon
fertile
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Crozon
fertile
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Crozon
fertile
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Camaret
fertile
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Camaret
fertile
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Camaret
fertile
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Camaret
fertile
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Camaret
fertile
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Camaret
fertile
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Camaret
fertile
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Camaret
fertile
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Camaret
fertile
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Camaret
fertile
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Camaret
fertile
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Camaret
fertile
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Camaret
fertile
Growth form: Fruticose filamentous
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: extremely rare
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Humid mediterranean belt: extremely rare
Dry mediterranean belt: absent
Predictive model
| Herbarium samples |
Index Fungorum
GBIF
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (19732)
2001/12/12
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (19732)
2001/12/12
main branch
Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Einar Timdal - Source: http://nhm2.uio.no/lav/web/index.html - CC BY-NC
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[11046], Portugal, Azoren, Sao Miguel: Südufer des Lagoa das Furnas, 270 m, 37°45.022' N, 25°19.807' W, Schumm 03.06.2003
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[11046], Portugal, Azoren, Sao Miguel: Südufer des Lagoa das Furnas, 270 m, 37°45.022' N, 25°19.807' W, Schumm 03.06.2003
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19290], Australia, Queensland, Crediton State Forest, 16 km southwest of Finch Hatton, 21°15' S, 148°31' E, 700 m, growing on dead logs in Eucalyptus grandis dominated woodland. Leg. J.A. Elix (21063) & H. Streimann, 01.07.1986.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19290], Australia, Queensland, Crediton State Forest, 16 km southwest of Finch Hatton, 21°15' S, 148°31' E, 700 m, growing on dead logs in Eucalyptus grandis dominated woodland. Leg. J.A. Elix (21063) & H. Streimann, 01.07.1986.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19290], Australia, Queensland, Crediton State Forest, 16 km southwest of Finch Hatton, 21°15' S, 148°31' E, 700 m, growing on dead logs in Eucalyptus grandis dominated woodland. Leg. J.A. Elix (21063) & H. Streimann, 01.07.1986.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19290], Australia, Queensland, Crediton State Forest, 16 km southwest of Finch Hatton, 21°15' S, 148°31' E, 700 m, growing on dead logs in Eucalyptus grandis dominated woodland. Leg. J.A. Elix (21063) & H. Streimann, 01.07.1986.
us: usnic acid, sti: stictic acid, m: menegazziaic acid, cs: constictic acid, no: norstictic acid. Rem.: atranorin (at) and strong no in solvent A is a mistake
Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Montes de Anaga
holotype
Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Montes de Anaga
holotype
Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Montes de Anaga
holotype
Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Montes de Anaga
holotype
Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Montes de Anaga
holotype
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Usnea_rubiconda.htm
France, vril 2011
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Usnea_rubiconda.htm
France, vril 2011
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=263&lang=en
France, Crozon
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=263&lang=en
France, Crozon
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=263&lang=en
France, Crozon
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=263&lang=en
France, Crozon
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=263&lang=en
France, Landevennec
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=263&lang=en
France, Landevennec
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=263&lang=en
France, Lostmarc'h
Antonio Valero Risoto - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=263&lang=en
Spain, La Coruña
Antonio Valero Risoto - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=263&lang=en
Spain, La Coruña
Antonio Valero Risoto - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=263&lang=en
Spain, La Coruña
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=916&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan
on soil
Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=916&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan
on soil
Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=916&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan
on soil
Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=916&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan
on soil
Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=916&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan
on soil
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=916&lang=en
France, Camaret
on soil
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=916&lang=en
France, Camaret
on soil
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=916&lang=en
France, Camaret
on soil
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=916&lang=en
France, Camaret
on soil
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=916&lang=en
France, Camaret
on soil
Bernard Bouffiiner - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Crozon
fertile
Bernard Bouffiiner - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Crozon
fertile
Bernard Bouffiiner - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Crozon
fertile
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Crozon
fertile
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Crozon
fertile
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Crozon
fertile
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Crozon
fertile
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Crozon
fertile
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Crozon
fertile
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Camaret
fertile
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Camaret
fertile
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Camaret
fertile
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Camaret
fertile
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Camaret
fertile
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Camaret
fertile
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Camaret
fertile
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Camaret
fertile
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Camaret
fertile
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Camaret
fertile
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Camaret
fertile
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=912&lang=en
France, Camaret
fertile
