ITALIC 7.0

Candelariella efflorescens R.C. Harris & W.R. Buck

Michigan Bot., 17: 155, 1978.

Synonyms:

Distribution: N - Frl, Ven (Thor & Nascimbene 2007, Nascimbene & Marini 2010, Nascimbene & al. 2012, 2015), TAA (Nascimbene & al. 2014, 2022, Nascimbene 2014), Lomb (Gheza & al. 2023). C - Mol (Ravera & Genovesi 2012, Genovesi & Ravera 2014). S - Camp (Ravera & al. 2019a), Bas (Potenza & al. 2014).

Description: Thallus crustose, very thin and poorly evident, mostly endosubstratic; soredia yellow, powdery, 0.02-0.05 mm wide, forming discrete, punctiform soralia or later coalescing into a continuous sorediate crust. Apothecia extremely rare, lecanorine, up to 0.75 mm across, with a deep yellow, more or less flat disc and a thin, entire or sorediate margin. Exciple thin to thick, sometimes visible from the outside; epithecium yellow-brown, covered with an epipsamma of minute crystals; hymenium colourless, 55-60 µm high; paraphyses simple, cylindrical or with slightly swollen, up to 3 µm wide apical cells; hypothecium colourless. Asci 16-32-spored, clavate, with an apical dome which is I+ blue only in the internal, lower part, interrupted in the centre by an I+ paler blue strip, Candelaria-type. Ascospores 1-celled to rarely 1-septate, hyaline, oblong to narrowly ellipsoid, 12-15 x 4-5 µm. Spot tests: thallus K- or K+ weakly orange, C- or C+ weakly orange, KC-, P-. Chemistry: calycin, pulvinic acid, and pulvinic acid-dilactone.

Note: on isolated trees, especially in orchards, certainly more widespread in the Alps. This taxon is apparently similar to C. reflexa, but the soredia are farinose, well-delimited, punctiform, and they never develop from a subsquamulose thallus (see Nimis 1993: 193). Both C. efflorescens (with many-spored asci) and C. xanthostigmoides (Müll. Arg.) R.W. Rogers (with 8-spored asci) were reported from Europe: due to the fact that the material is rarely fertile, and that the two species cannot be distinguished when sterile, I provisionally leave under the former name all records from Italy.

Growth form: Crustose

Substrata: bark

Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent

Subalpine belt: absent

Oromediterranean belt: absent

Montane belt: extremely rare

Submediterranean belt: rare

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: very rare

Humid mediterranean belt: extremely rare

Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Herbarium samples

Index Fungorum GBIF

P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB 10490

Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst near Borgo Grotta Gigante
16/02/2017