Cladonia dimorpha S. Hammer

Mycotaxon, 37: 339, 1990.
Synonyms:
Distribution: N - Lig (Gheza & al. 2020). C - Sar (Burgaz & Ahti 1994). S - Cal (Puntillo 1996).
Description: Primary thallus squamulose, the squamules usually persistent, middle-sized, 2-5 mm long, 1-3 mm wide, entire to subdigitately lobed, grey green above, white beneath (darker towards the centre). Podetia goblet-shaped, hollow inside, greyish white to pale greenish grey, more or less densely squamulose, dimorphic, the lower part consisting of a cup resembling that of C. pyxidata, which proliferates from the margin, giving rise to elongate, laterally split, terete or often flattened structures which branch dichotomously from open axils, resembling fertile podetial tips of C. furcata. Apothecia rather rare, terminal, brown to almost black, convex. Asci 8-spored, clavate, thickened at apex, with a K/I+ blue tholus and a K/I+ strongly blue outer gelatinous sheath, Cladonia-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid. Pycnidia dark, pyriform, short-stalked, mostly found along the margins of cups, with a colourless jelly. Conidia hyaline, curved. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: K-, C-, KC-, P+ red, UV-. Chemistry: fumarprotocetraric acid complex, sometimes with an additional fatty acid.
Note: a poorly known, but characteristic member of the difficult C. pyxidata-complex, found on calcareous or base-rich soil, mostly in upland areas. The species was described from North America, and according to Burgaz & al. (2020) European material appears to be different from North American material.
Growth form: Fruticose

Substrata: soil, terricolous mosses, and plant debris
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)
Poorly known taxon in need of further study

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: very rare
Subalpine belt: very rare
Oromediterranean belt: very rare
Montane belt: very rare
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF

Gabriele Gheza - https://lichenidilombardia.home.blog
Italy, Liguria, Imperia, Badalucco, 600 m
03/2017



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: GZU Clad.Amer.Exs. (30)
2003/04/28
basal podetia



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: GZU Clad.Amer.Exs. (30)
2003/04/28
proliferating podetium



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[9231], Spanien, Kanarische Inseln, La Gomera, am Weg zum Garajonay vom Parkplatz Contadero-Mimbreras. Lorbeer-Erica Wald. 28°06.828' N, 17°14.624’ W, 1440 m, auf Erde an Wegböschung. Leg. Schumm 11.02.2002, det. Ahti 2011.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[9231], Spanien, Kanarische Inseln, La Gomera, am Weg zum Garajonay vom Parkplatz Contadero-Mimbreras. Lorbeer-Erica Wald. 28°06.828' N, 17°14.624’ W, 1440 m, auf Erde an Wegböschung. Leg. Schumm 11.02.2002, det. Ahti 2011.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[9231], Spanien, Kanarische Inseln, La Gomera, am Weg zum Garajonay vom Parkplatz Contadero-Mimbreras. Lorbeer-Erica Wald. 28°06.828' N, 17°14.624’ W, 1440 m, auf Erde an Wegböschung. Leg. Schumm 11.02.2002, det. Ahti 2011.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[9231], Spanien, Kanarische Inseln, La Gomera, am Weg zum Garajonay vom Parkplatz Contadero-Mimbreras. Lorbeer-Erica Wald. 28°06.828' N, 17°14.624’ W, 1440 m, auf Erde an Wegböschung. Leg. Schumm 11.02.2002, det. Ahti 2011.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[9231], Spanien, Kanarische Inseln, La Gomera, am Weg zum Garajonay vom Parkplatz Contadero-Mimbreras. Lorbeer-Erica Wald. 28°06.828' N, 17°14.624’ W, 1440 m, auf Erde an Wegböschung. Leg. Schumm 11.02.2002, det. Ahti 2011
HPTLC in den Laufmitteln A, B’ und C nach Säurebehandlung bei Tageslicht und 366 nm UV-Langwelle. 1: Start, 4: Position von Norstictinsäure, 7: Position von Atranorin pr: Protocetrarsäure, fpr: Fumarprotocetrarsäure



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[9231], Spanien, Kanarische Inseln, La Gomera, am Weg zum Garajonay vom Parkplatz Contadero-Mimbreras. Lorbeer-Erica Wald. 28°06.828' N, 17°14.624’ W, 1440 m, auf Erde an Wegböschung. Leg. Schumm 11.02.2002, det. Ahti 2011.


Gabriele Gheza - https://lichenidilombardia.home.blog
Italy, Liguria, Imperia, Badalucco, 600 m
03/2017


U. Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/d
Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera. Ident. by H. Sipman. On soil in laurisilva