Alyxoria ochrocheila (Nyl.) Ertz & Tehler

Fungal Divers., 49: 50, 2011. Basionym: Opegrapha ochrocheila Nyl. - Flora, 48: 212, 1865.
Synonyms: Opegrapha atricolor Stirt.; Opegrapha rubescens Sandst.
Distribution: C - Tosc (TSB 35226), Sar (Nimis & Poelt 1987). S - Camp (Brunialti & al. 2013, Ravera & Brunialti 2013), Pugl (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Bas (CLU 17953).
Description: Thallus crustose, smooth, white, pale grey or pale brown, without a distinct prothallus, sometimes with an orange pruina. Apothecia lirelliform, simple or usually branched, 0.8-2.2(-2.8) x 0.2-0.4 mm, sessile or semi immersed, black, with an initially slit-like, later expanded disc, the margin and sometimes the disc often covered with a rusty orange pruina. Proper exciple black, carbonized, extending below the hymenium, 20-30 μm thick laterally, 40-50 μm thick at base, K+ magenta-red; epithecium red-brown, 10-17 µm high; hymenium colourless, 50-65 µm high, I+ blue in upper part, I+ red in lower part; paraphysoids branched and anastomosing, c. 1 µm thick, the apical cells hardly swollen; subhymenium red-brown, 17-35 µm high, I+ pale blue; hypothecium black, carbonized. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical-clavate, the inner layer of endoascus amyloid in upper part, with a I+ blue ring visible around a small ocular chamber, Varia-type. Ascospores 3-septate, hyaline, ellipsoid with a slightly pointed end, (11-)14-20(-22) x 3-5 µm, with a poorly visible, thin gelatinous perispore. Pycnidia semi-immersed, black, surrounded by a rusty orange pruina. Conidia simple or often 2(-3)-septate, hyaline, straight or slightly curved, 12-23 x 0.8-2 µm. Photobiont trentepohlioid. Spot tests: thallus K- or K+ magenta-red in the orange-pruinose parts, C-, KC-, P-; orange pruina on apothecia and pycnidia K+ magenta-red. Chemistry: thallus without lichen substances, 2 unidentified substances in the orange pruina.
Note: a Mediterranean-Atlantic species found on the smooth bark of evergreen broad-leaved trees and shrubs, more rarely on lignum. It is included in the Italian red list of epiphytic lichens as “Endangered” (Nascimbene & al. 2013c).
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: bark and lignum
Photobiont: Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: absent
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: very rare
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples


P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (38297)
2008.02.23



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (13044)
2001/11/27



P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (38297)
2008.02.23


Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[8622], Portugal, Madeira, südwestlich von Portela an der Straße EN 102, 32°44.339’ N, 16°50.128’ W, 634 m, an Laubbaum. Leg. Schumm 15.04.2001.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[8622], Portugal, Madeira, südwestlich von Portela an der Straße EN 102, 32°44.339’ N, 16°50.128’ W, 634 m, an Laubbaum. Leg. Schumm 15.04.2001.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[8622], Portugal, Madeira, südwestlich von Portela an der Straße EN 102, 32°44.339’ N, 16°50.128’ W, 634 m, an Laubbaum. Leg. Schumm 15.04.2001.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[8622], Portugal, Madeira, südwestlich von Portela an der Straße EN 102, 32°44.339’ N, 16°50.128’ W, 634 m, an Laubbaum. Leg. Schumm 15.04.2001.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[8622], Portugal, Madeira, südwestlich von Portela an der Straße EN 102, 32°44.339’ N, 16°50.128’ W, 634 m, an Laubbaum. Leg. Schumm 15.04.2001.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[8622], Portugal, Madeira, südwestlich von Portela an der Straße EN 102, 32°44.339’ N, 16°50.128’ W, 634 m, an Laubbaum. Leg. Schumm 15.04.2001.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[8622], Portugal, Madeira, südwestlich von Portela an der Straße EN 102, 32°44.339’ N, 16°50.128’ W, 634 m, an Laubbaum. Leg. Schumm 15.04.2001.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[8622], Portugal, Madeira, südwestlich von Portela an der Straße EN 102, 32°44.339’ N, 16°50.128’ W, 634 m, an Laubbaum. Leg. Schumm 15.04.2001.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[8622], Portugal, Madeira, südwestlich von Portela an der Straße EN 102, 32°44.339’ N, 16°50.128’ W, 634 m, an Laubbaum. Leg. Schumm 15.04.2001.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[8622], Portugal, Madeira, südwestlich von Portela an der Straße EN 102, 32°44.339’ N, 16°50.128’ W, 634 m, an Laubbaum. Leg. Schumm 15.04.2001.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[8622], Portugal, Madeira, südwestlich von Portela an der Straße EN 102, 32°44.339’ N, 16°50.128’ W, 634 m, an Laubbaum. Leg. Schumm 15.04.2001.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[8622], Portugal, Madeira, südwestlich von Portela an der Straße EN 102, 32°44.339’ N, 16°50.128’ W, 634 m, an Laubbaum. Leg. Schumm 15.04.2001.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[8622], Portugal, Madeira, südwestlich von Portela an der Straße EN 102, 32°44.339’ N, 16°50.128’ W, 634 m, an Laubbaum. Leg. Schumm 15.04.2001.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[8622], Portugal, Madeira, südwestlich von Portela an der Straße EN 102, 32°44.339’ N, 16°50.128’ W, 634 m, an Laubbaum. Leg. Schumm 15.04.2001.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[8622], Portugal, Madeira, südwestlich von Portela an der Straße EN 102, 32°44.339’ N, 16°50.128’ W, 634 m, an Laubbaum. Leg. Schumm 15.04.2001.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[8622], Portugal, Madeira, südwestlich von Portela an der Straße EN 102, 32°44.339’ N, 16°50.128’ W, 634 m, an Laubbaum. Leg. Schumm 15.04.2001.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[8622], Portugal, Madeira, südwestlich von Portela an der Straße EN 102, 32°44.339’ N, 16°50.128’ W, 634 m, an Laubbaum. Leg. Schumm 15.04.2001.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[8622], Portugal, Madeira, südwestlich von Portela an der Straße EN 102, 32°44.339’ N, 16°50.128’ W, 634 m, an Laubbaum. Leg. Schumm 15.04.2001.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[8622], Portugal, Madeira, südwestlich von Portela an der Straße EN 102, 32°44.339’ N, 16°50.128’ W, 634 m, an Laubbaum. Leg. Schumm 15.04.2001.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[8622], Portugal, Madeira, südwestlich von Portela an der Straße EN 102, 32°44.339’ N, 16°50.128’ W, 634 m, an Laubbaum. Leg. Schumm 15.04.2001.


Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=643&lang=en
France


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany; Rheinland-Pfalz: Eifel.


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany; Rheinland-Pfalz: Eifel.


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany; Rheinland-Pfalz: Eifel.


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany; Rheinland-Pfalz: Eifel.