Enchylium conglomeratum (Hoffm.) Otálora, P.M. Jørg. & Wedin

Fungal Divers. (online version), 64: 286, 2013. Basionym: Collema conglomeratum Hoffm. - Deutschl. Fl.: 102, 1796.
Synonyms: Collema fasciculare var. conglomeratum (Hoffm.) Ach.; Synechoblastus conglomeratus (Hoffm.) Körb.
Distribution: N - VG, Frl (Molaro 2005, Tretiach & Molaro 2007), Ven, TAA (Nascimbene & al. 2007b), Lomb, Piem (Isocrono & al. 2004, Matteucci & al. 2013), Emil (Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig (Giordani & Incerti 2008). C - Tosc (Loppi & Frati 2006), Marc (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Frati & Brunialti 2006), Umb (Genovesi & al. 2002, Ravera & al. 2006), Laz (Massari & Ravera 2002, Ravera & Genovesi 2008), Abr, Sar (Rizzi & al. 2011, Di Nuzzo & al. 2022). S - Camp (Garofalo & al. 2010), Pugl, Bas (Potenza & al. 2014), Cal (Puntillo 1996), Si (Merlo 2004).
Description: Thallus small-foliose to subsquamulose, homoiomerous, gelatinous and up to 500 µm thick when wet, forming 2-10 mm wide cushions which are often attached by a central point and sometimes coalesce, covering larger surfaces. Lobes few, 0.5-1.5 mm wide, flattened, adpressed to erect, usually branched, distinctly swollen, with entire, crenate or lobulate margins. Upper surface dark olive-green to brown or black, dull, epruinose, smooth to (rarely) verrucose, without isidia; lower surface usually paler, with scattered white hapters. Upper and lower cortices usually absent. Apothecia common, lecanorine, usually crowded on lobe margins or terminal and often hiding the lobes, sessile and constricted at base, 0.5-1.5(-2) mm across with a flat to convex, dark reddish brown disc and a rather thick, finally often excluded, entire, smooth thalline margin. Thalline exciple ecorticate; proper exciple euthyplectenchymatous, up to 20 µm thick laterally; epithecium brownish; hymenium colourless, 60-80 µm high, I+ blue; paraphyses simple or sparingly branched, 2-3 µm thick at mid-level, the apical cells clavate, up to 5 µm wide; hypothecium yellowish. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical-clavate, the apex strongly thickened, the apical dome K/I+ pale blue, with a downwardly projecting K/I+ deep blue tubular structure. Ascospores 1(-3)-septate, hyaline, narrowly fusiform with acute ends, (10-)15-24(-26) x 3-4.5(-5.5) µm. Pycnidia common, immersed, globose, paler than thallus. Conidia bacilliform, slightly swollen at both ends, 3-4 x 1 µm. Photobiont cyanobacterial (Nostoc, the cells in long chains). Spot tests: all negative. Chemistry: without lichen substances.
Note: a mainly temperate species with a fragmented holarctic range, found on nutrient-rich bark, especially of Juglans; formerly more widespread, presently restricted to the vicinity of small settlements in mountain valleys, where it is locally abundant.
Growth form: Foliose, narrow lobed
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: cyanobacteria, filamentous (e.g. Nostoc, Scytonema)
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: absent
Submediterranean belt: very rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: rare
Humid mediterranean belt: extremely rare
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF


P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (24147)
2008.03.06



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (13672)
2001/12/04



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (13672)
2001/12/04



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Slovenia, Lipica/Lipizza; altitude: 2
2008.02.21



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Slovenia, Lipica/Lipizza; altitude: 2
2008.02.21



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Slovenia, Lipica/Lipizza; altitude: 2
2008.02.21



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Slovenia, Lipica/Lipizza; altitude: 2
2008.02.21



P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (15327)
2008.03.06



P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (15327)
2008.03.06



P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (24147)
2008.03.06


Degelius G. 1954. The lichen genus Collema in Europe: Morphology, Taxonomy, Ecology. Symbolae Bot. Upsal. 13, 2: 1-499.