Phlyctis argena (Spreng.) Flot.
Bot. Zeit., 8: 572, 1850. Basionym: Parmelia argena Spreng. - Caroli Linnaei Syst. Veget., 4, 1: 300, 1827.
Synonyms: Pertusaria reducta Stirt.; Phlyctis erythrosora Erichsen; Thelotrema variolarioides (Pers.) Ach.; Urceolaria variolarioides Pers.
Description: Thallus crustose, thinly corticate in non-sorediate parts, very thinly episubstratic, white to grey-white, smooth to slightly cracked, forming orbicular to irregular, up to 10(-20) cm wide patches which often merge and cover wider areas on the trunks, often delimited by a white felty prothallus of radiating hyphae. Central part of thallus diffusely sorediate; soredia white, grey-white or greenish-white when fresh (usually paler than thallus), turning pale brown in the herbarium, initially farinose but later often gathering into 90-125 µm wide consoredia. Apothecia very rare, immersed in sorediate thalline warts, irregular to round, 0.2-0.4(-0.5) mm across, the disc grey to grey-black, but whitish-pruinose. Thalline exciple raised, often sorediate; proper exciple colourless, poorly developed; epithecium colourless to pale brown, granular; hymenium colourless, up to 240 µm high; paraphyses slender, 1.5-2 µm thick, simple or sparingly branched in upper part, with slightly enlarged apical cells; hypothecium colourless. Asci 1-spored, broadly clavate, thin-walled, not strongly thickened at apex, the outer wall K/I+ blue, the tholus I+ weakly blue. Ascospores densely muriform, hyaline to pale yellowish when overmature, broadly ellipsoid, not distinctly apiculate, (60-)70-130(-150) x (25-)30-50(-53) µm, with a thin, I+ blue wall and a very thin perispore. Pycnidia rare, immersed, black but whitish-pruinose, Conidia simple, narrowly ellipsoid, more or less curved, (3-)4-5(6.5) x 1-2(-3) µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus and soralia K+ yellow then slowly blood-red (needle-like crystals), C-, KC+ reddish, P+ yellow then orange-red, UV-. Chemistry: norstictic acid.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)
Pioneer species
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Montane belt: very common
Dry submediterranean belt: common
Humid submediterranean belt: very common
Padanian area: extremely rare
pH of the substrata:
1 2 3 4 5
Solar irradiation:
1 2 3 4 5
Aridity:
1 2 3 4 5
Eutrophication:
1 2 3 4 5
Poleotolerance:
0 1 2 3
Altitudinal distribution:
1 2 3 4 5 6
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map
Current prediction (1981-2010)
Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 1-2.6
Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 5-8.5Predictive maps according to Francesconi et al. 2025
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (34829)
2002/02/13
apothecial warts in an exceptionally silicicolous specimen
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (29406)
2002/05/14
detail of soredia
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (34829)
2002/02/13
section of an unfrequent apothecial wart
Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (36774)
2008.02.28
Gabriele Gheza, Tromello (PV); Owner: Gabriele Gheza, Tromello (PV)
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst near Borgo Grotta Gigante
16/02/2017
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst near Borgo Grotta Gigante
16/02/2017
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst near Borgo Grotta Gigante
16/02/2017
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[16488], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, am Kornberg südlich von Gammelshausen, 690 m
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[16488], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, am Kornberg südlich von Gammelshausen, 690 m
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[16488], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, am Kornberg südlich von Gammelshausen, 690 m
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Reaction to KOH
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Reaction to KOH
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Reaction to KOH
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Reaction to KOH
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Joël Querellou - Source: https://italic.units.it/flora/?procedure=img_ins2&species_id=3812
France, Le Mougaut
Joël Querellou - Source: https://italic.units.it/flora/?procedure=img_ins2&species_id=3812
France, Le Mougaut
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: https://italic.units.it/flora/?procedure=img_ins2&species_id=3812
France, L'Aber
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: https://italic.units.it/flora/?procedure=img_ins2&species_id=3812
France, Châteaulin
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: https://italic.units.it/flora/?procedure=img_ins2&species_id=3812
France, Coadry
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: https://italic.units.it/flora/?procedure=img_ins2&species_id=3812
France, Landévennec
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: https://italic.units.it/flora/?procedure=img_ins2&species_id=3812
France, Landévennec
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: https://italic.units.it/flora/?procedure=img_ins2&species_id=3812
France, Landévennec
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: https://italic.units.it/flora/?procedure=img_ins2&species_id=3812
France, Landévennec
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: https://italic.units.it/flora/?procedure=img_ins2&species_id=3812
France, Gorges du Stangala
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: https://italic.units.it/flora/?procedure=img_ins2&species_id=3812
France, Gorges du Stangala
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Rodach
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Rodach
Zahlbruckner A. 1926. Lichenes (Flechten). In: Engler A. (ed.): Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. 2nd ed., vol 8, W. Engelmann, Leipzig, 270 pp.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)
Pioneer species
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Montane belt: very common
Dry submediterranean belt: common
Humid submediterranean belt: very common
Padanian area: extremely rare
pH of the substrata:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Solar irradiation:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Aridity:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Eutrophication:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Poleotolerance:
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Altitudinal distribution:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map
Current prediction (1981-2010)Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 1-2.6Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 5-8.5Predictive maps according to Francesconi et al. 2025
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (34829)
2002/02/13
apothecial warts in an exceptionally silicicolous specimen
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (29406)
2002/05/14
detail of soredia
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (34829)
2002/02/13
section of an unfrequent apothecial wart
Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (36774)
2008.02.28
Gabriele Gheza, Tromello (PV); Owner: Gabriele Gheza, Tromello (PV)
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst near Borgo Grotta Gigante
16/02/2017
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst near Borgo Grotta Gigante
16/02/2017
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst near Borgo Grotta Gigante
16/02/2017
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[16488], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, am Kornberg südlich von Gammelshausen, 690 m
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[16488], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, am Kornberg südlich von Gammelshausen, 690 m
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[16488], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, am Kornberg südlich von Gammelshausen, 690 m
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Reaction to KOH
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Reaction to KOH
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Reaction to KOH
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Reaction to KOH
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Joël Querellou - Source: https://italic.units.it/flora/?procedure=img_ins2&species_id=3812
France, Le Mougaut
Joël Querellou - Source: https://italic.units.it/flora/?procedure=img_ins2&species_id=3812
France, Le Mougaut
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: https://italic.units.it/flora/?procedure=img_ins2&species_id=3812
France, L'Aber
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: https://italic.units.it/flora/?procedure=img_ins2&species_id=3812
France, Châteaulin
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: https://italic.units.it/flora/?procedure=img_ins2&species_id=3812
France, Coadry
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: https://italic.units.it/flora/?procedure=img_ins2&species_id=3812
France, Landévennec
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: https://italic.units.it/flora/?procedure=img_ins2&species_id=3812
France, Landévennec
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: https://italic.units.it/flora/?procedure=img_ins2&species_id=3812
France, Landévennec
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: https://italic.units.it/flora/?procedure=img_ins2&species_id=3812
France, Landévennec
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: https://italic.units.it/flora/?procedure=img_ins2&species_id=3812
France, Gorges du Stangala
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: https://italic.units.it/flora/?procedure=img_ins2&species_id=3812
France, Gorges du Stangala
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Rodach
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Rodach
