Dirina massiliensis Durieu & Mont.

in Durieu, Explor. Sc. Algérie: 257, 1847.
Synonyms: Dirina cyclosora Poelt & Nimis; Dirina patronii Bagl.; Dirina repanda auct. non Fr.; Dirina repanda var. pelagosae J. Steiner & Zahlbr.; Dirinopsis massiliensis De Not.
Distribution: N - VG, Ven (Lazzarin 2000b, Salvadori & Municchia 2016), TAA (Nascimbene & al. 2022), Piem, Emil (Nimis & al. 1996, Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig. C - Tosc (Tretiach & al. 2008b, Salvadori & Municchia 2016), Marc (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Umb (Panfili 2000b, Ravera & al. 2006), Laz (Edwards & al. 1997, 1997b, Bartoli & al. 1998, Roccardi & al. 2005, Roccardi 2011, Zucconi & al. 2012), Abr, Mol (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Caporale & al. 2008), Sar (Monte 1993, Nöske 2000, Tehler & al. 2013). S - Camp (Altieri & al. 2000, Aprile & al. 2003b, Nimis & Tretiach 2004, Garofalo & al. 2010), Pugl (Edwards & al. 1997, Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Durini & Medagli 2002, Tehler & al. 2013), Bas (Caneva & al. 2006, Nugari & al. 2009), Cal (Puntillo 1996), Si (Nimis & al. 1994, Ottonello & Salone 1994, Ottonello & al. 1994, 2011, Monte & Ferrari 1996, Ottonello & Romano 1997, Grillo 1998, Grillo & Caniglia 2004, Merlo 2004b, Genco & al. 2007, Grillo & al. 2009, Gianguzzi & al. 2009, Ottonello & Puntillo 2009, Tehler & al. 2013).
Description: Thallus crustose, corticate, effuse, smooth to cracked or slightly areolate, 0.2-3.5 mm thick, creamy white to white-grey, rarely dark grey or grey-brown, pruinose, often delimited by a black to almost white prothallus, sometimes with punctiform or maculiform soralia which are paler than thallus. Cortex of mainly anticlinally arranged hyphae, masked by many crystals of oxalates; medulla thick, white, chalk-like, filled with crystals. Apothecia lecanorine, circular to angular in outline, constricted at base, 0.5-3 mm across, with a black but often white-pruinose disc and an entire to undulate thalline margin. Proper exciple inconspicuous; epithecium brownish; hymenium colourless; paraphysoids unbranched or sparsely branched, 1-2 µm thick, the apices 1-3 µm wide; hypothecium black. Asci 8-spored, clavate, bitunicate, the apex thickened with a small internal K/I+ blue ring. Ascospores 3-septate, hyaline, fusiform, 20-24 x 4-6 µm. Pycnidia black, immersed or slightly projecting. Conidia thread-like, sickle-shaped, 12-16 x c. 1 µm. Photobiont trentepohlioid. Spot tests: thallus K-, C+ red, KC+ red, P-, UV-; medulla and soralia K-, C-, KC-, P-, UV+ yellowish; apothecial disc C+ faintly red. Chemistry: erythrin, lecanoric acid, unidentified substances.
Note: on steeply inclined or rain-sheltered surfaces of calciferous rocks, very variable according to the type of substrata (thallus colour depends on the quantity of calcium oxalates, and on the density of epilichenic cyanobacteria); the sexual form seems to be absent along the Adriatic coast north of Abruzzo up to the coast near Trieste (like another ecologically similar species: Roccella phycopsis). For further details see Tehler & al. (2013).
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
In underhangs rarely wetted by rain
Taxon bound to maritime-coastal situations

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: absent
Submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Padanian area: extremely rare
Humid submediterranean belt: common
Humid mediterranean belt: extremely common
Dry mediterranean belt: rather common

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples


Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Sicily, Trapani, Egadi Islands (W Sicily), Island of Levanzo



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (7752)
2001/11/24



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Sicily, Trapani, Egadi Islands (W Sicily), Island of Levanzo



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Sicily, Trapani, Egadi Islands (W Sicily), Island of Levanzo



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Sicily, Trapani, Egadi Islands (W Sicily), Island of Levanzo



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 37294



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Sicily, Trapani, Egadi Islands (W Sicily), Island of Levanzo



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Sicily, Trapani, Egadi Islands (W Sicily), Island of Levanzo



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Sicily, Trapani, Egadi Islands (W Sicily), Island of Levanzo



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Sicily, Trapani, Egadi Islands (W Sicily), Island of Levanzo



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Sicily, Trapani, Egadi Islands (W Sicily), Island of Levanzo



Juri Nascimbene – CC BY-SA 4.0; Owner: Department of ùLife Sciences, University of Trieste
Ssrdinia, Italy
2006



Juri Nascimbene – CC BY-SA 4.0; Owner: Department of ùLife Sciences, University of Trieste
Ssrdinia, Italy
2006



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
Südspanien, Prov. Almería, flächendeckend an halbschattigen, windgeschützten Stirn- und Überhangsflächen rauhen Ergußgesteins im Roccelletum tinctoriae Klem., 200 m, NW, pH 6.9, Küstenberge westlich Carboneras am Cabo de Gata. Leg. et det. G. Follmann Jan. 1975. Lichenes Exsiccati Selecti A Museo Historiae Naturalis Casselensi Editi Nr. 147 (as Dirina patronii). [2480]



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
Südspanien, Prov. Almería, flächendeckend an halbschattigen, windgeschützten Stirn- und Überhangsflächen rauhen Ergußgesteins im Roccelletum tinctoriae Klem., 200 m, NW, pH 6.9, Küstenberge westlich Carboneras am Cabo de Gata. Leg. et det. G. Follmann Jan. 1975. Lichenes Exsiccati Selecti A Museo Historiae Naturalis Casselensi Editi Nr. 147 (as Dirina patronii). [2480]



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
Südspanien, Prov. Almería, flächendeckend an halbschattigen, windgeschützten Stirn- und Überhangsflächen rauhen Ergußgesteins im Roccelletum tinctoriae Klem., 200 m, NW, pH 6.9, Küstenberge westlich Carboneras am Cabo de Gata. Leg. et det. G. Follmann Jan. 1975. Lichenes Exsiccati Selecti A Museo Historiae Naturalis Casselensi Editi Nr. 147 (as Dirina patronii). [2480]



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
Südspanien, Prov. Almería, flächendeckend an halbschattigen, windgeschützten Stirn- und Überhangsflächen rauhen Ergußgesteins im Roccelletum tinctoriae Klem., 200 m, NW, pH 6.9, Küstenberge westlich Carboneras am Cabo de Gata. Leg. et det. G. Follmann Jan. 1975. Lichenes Exsiccati Selecti A Museo Historiae Naturalis Casselensi Editi Nr. 147 (as Dirina patronii). [2480]



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
Südspanien, Prov. Almería, flächendeckend an halbschattigen, windgeschützten Stirn- und Überhangsflächen rauhen Ergußgesteins im Roccelletum tinctoriae Klem., 200 m, NW, pH 6.9, Küstenberge westlich Carboneras am Cabo de Gata. Leg. et det. G. Follmann Jan. 1975. Lichenes Exsiccati Selecti A Museo Historiae Naturalis Casselensi Editi Nr. 147 (as Dirina patronii). [2480]



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
Südspanien, Prov. Almería, flächendeckend an halbschattigen, windgeschützten Stirn- und Überhangsflächen rauhen Ergußgesteins im Roccelletum tinctoriae Klem., 200 m, NW, pH 6.9, Küstenberge westlich Carboneras am Cabo de Gata. Leg. et det. G. Follmann Jan. 1975. Lichenes Exsiccati Selecti A Museo Historiae Naturalis Casselensi Editi Nr. 147 (as Dirina patronii). [2480]



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
Südspanien, Prov. Almería, flächendeckend an halbschattigen, windgeschützten Stirn- und Überhangsflächen rauhen Ergußgesteins im Roccelletum tinctoriae Klem., 200 m, NW, pH 6.9, Küstenberge westlich Carboneras am Cabo de Gata. Leg. et det. G. Follmann Jan. 1975. Lichenes Exsiccati Selecti A Museo Historiae Naturalis Casselensi Editi Nr. 147 (as Dirina patronii). [2480]



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
Südspanien, Prov. Almería, flächendeckend an halbschattigen, windgeschützten Stirn- und Überhangsflächen rauhen Ergußgesteins im Roccelletum tinctoriae Klem., 200 m, NW, pH 6.9, Küstenberge westlich Carboneras am Cabo de Gata. Leg. et det. G. Follmann Jan. 1975. Lichenes Exsiccati Selecti A Museo Historiae Naturalis Casselensi Editi Nr. 147 (as Dirina patronii). [2480]



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
Südspanien, Prov. Almería, flächendeckend an halbschattigen, windgeschützten Stirn- und Überhangsflächen rauhen Ergußgesteins im Roccelletum tinctoriae Klem., 200 m, NW, pH 6.9, Küstenberge westlich Carboneras am Cabo de Gata. Leg. et det. G. Follmann Jan. 1975. Lichenes Exsiccati Selecti A Museo Historiae Naturalis Casselensi Editi Nr. 147 (as Dirina patronii). [2480]



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
Südspanien, Prov. Almería, flächendeckend an halbschattigen, windgeschützten Stirn- und Überhangsflächen rauhen Ergußgesteins im Roccelletum tinctoriae Klem., 200 m, NW, pH 6.9, Küstenberge westlich Carboneras am Cabo de Gata. Leg. et det. G. Follmann Jan. 1975. Lichenes Exsiccati Selecti A Museo Historiae Naturalis Casselensi Editi Nr. 147 (as Dirina patronii). [2480]



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
Westmarokko, Distr. Agadir, gesellig an halbschattigen Stirn- und Überhangsflächen rauher Kalkfelsen im Roccelletum tinctoriae Klem., 40 m, NW-SW, pH 7.8, Steilküste am Cap Rhir unweit Tamri. Leg. et det. G. Follmann Juni 1967. Lichenes Exsiccati Selecti A Museo Historiae Naturalis Casselensi Editi Nr. 87 (as Dirina repanda). [2521]



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Sicily, Trapani, Egadi Islands (W Sicily), Island of Levanzo


Jennifer Fiorentino
Malta, Maltese Islands, on calcareous rocks



Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 37296


Jennifer Fiorentino
Malta, Maltese Islands, on calcareous rocks



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 37296



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 36721



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 38237



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 38237



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 38237



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04
TSB 43784


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=902&lang=en
France, Corse, Bonifacio


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=902&lang=en
France, Corse, Bonifacio


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=902&lang=en
France, Corse, Bonifacio


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=902&lang=en
France, Corse, Bonifacio


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=902&lang=en
France, Corse, Bonifacio


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=902&lang=en
France, Corse, Bonifacio


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=884&lang=en
Spain, Menorca, Punta Grossa


Michel David - http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=884&lang=en
Spain, Menorca


Michel David - http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=884&lang=en
Spain, Menorca


Michel David - http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=884&lang=en
Spain, Menorca


Michel David - http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=884&lang=en
Spain, Menorca


Jacques Haine - http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=884&lang=en
France, Marseille


Jacques Haine - http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=884&lang=en
France, Marseille


Jacques Haine - http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=884&lang=en
France, Marseille


Jacques Haine - http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=884&lang=en
France, Marseille


Jacques Haine - http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=884&lang=en
France


Jacques Haine - http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=884&lang=en
France


Jacques Haine - http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=884&lang=en
France


Jacques Haine - http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=884&lang=en
France, Marseille


Jacques Haine - http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=884&lang=en
France, Marseille


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
SE Europe; N-Cyprus; SE of Girne; Beşparmak Mountains; between Alevkaya and Antiphonitis Monastery


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
SE Europe; N-Cyprus; SE of Girne; Beşparmak Mountains; between Alevkaya and Antiphonitis Monastery


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
SE Europe; N-Cyprus; SE of Girne; Beşparmak Mountains; between Alevkaya and Antiphonitis Monastery