Parmotrema perlatum (Huds.) M. Choisy
Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 21: 174, 1952. Basionym: Lichen perlatus Huds. - Flora Anglica: 448, 1762.
Synonyms: Imbricaria perlata (Huds.) Körb.; Lichen chinensis auct.; Parmelia coniocarpa Laurer; Parmelia perlata (Huds.) Ach.; Parmelia perlata var. ciliata (DC.) Duby; Parmelia perlata var. munda Harm.; Parmelia perlata var. sorediata (Schaer.) Frey; Parmelia trichotera Hue; Parmotrema chinense auct.
Distribution: N - VG (Castello 1996, 2002, Carvalho 1997, Martellos & Castello 2004, Castello & Skert 2005, Piccotto & Tretiach 2010, Piccotto & al. 2011, Bertuzzi & Tretiach 2013, Bertuzzi & al. 2013), Frl (Badin & Nimis 1996, Caniglia & al. 2005, Tretiach & Molaro 2007), Ven (Nascimbene & Caniglia 1997, Lazzarin 1997, Caniglia & al. 1999, Nascimbene 2005c, 2008c, Nascimbene & Marini 2010, Nascimbene & al. 2009c, 2010b, 2013b, 2015), TAA (Nascimbene 2005b, 2006c, Nascimbene & al. 2007b, 2022, Nimis & al. 2015), Lomb (Rivellini 1994, Zocchi & al. 1997, Dalle Vedove & al. 2004, Stofer 2006, Valcuvia & Truzzi 2007b, Abramini & al. 2008, Gheza & al. 2015, 2020, Gheza 2019), Piem (Isocrono & al. 2004, Morisi 2005, Furlanetto 2010, Giordani & Malaspina 2016), VA (Piervittori & Isocrono 1999), Emil (Sallese 2003, Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig (Castello & al. 1994, Brunialti & al. 1999, Putortì & al. 1999b, Valcuvia & al. 2000, Giordani & al. 2001, 2002, Brunialti & Giordani 2003, Benco & al. 2004, Giordani 2004, 2006, Malaspina & al. 2007). C - Tosc (Tretiach & Nimis 1994, Loppi & Putortì 1995, 1995b, 2001, Loppi & al. 1995, 1996c, 1997, 1998, 1998b, 1999a, 2002, 2002b, 2002c. 2004c, Loppi 1996, 1996b, Loppi & De Dominicis 1996, Monaci & al. 1997, Pišút 1997, Loppi & Nascimbene 1998, 2010, Putortì & al. 1998, 1999, Putortì & Loppi 1999, Putortì & Loppi 1999b, Benesperi 2000a, 2006, 2011, Bacci & al. 2000, Loppi & Pirintsos 2000, Senese & Critelli 2000, Del Guasta 2001, Laganà & al. 2002, Loppi & Corsini 2003, Lorenzini & al. 2003, Loppi & Frati 2004, Baruffo & Tretiach 2005, Frati & al. 2006b, Benesperi & al. 2007, 2013, Tretiach & al. 2008, Lastrucci & al. 2009, Pasquinelli & al. 2009, Brunialti & Frati 2010, Pasquinelli & Puccini 2010, Loppi & Baragatti 2011, Brunialti & al. 2012, 2012b, Paoli & al. 2012, 2012b, 2013, 2015d, Brackel 2015, Nascimbene & al. 2015, Lich. Ital. Exs. 51: Isocrono & al. 2021, Frati & Brunialti 2023), Marc (Frati & Brunialti 2006), Umb (Ravera 1998, Panfili 2000b, 2007, Ravera & al. 2006, Brackel 2015), Laz (Bartoli & al. 1997, Ravera & al. 2003, Massari & Ravera 2002, Nimis & Tretiach 2004, Ruisi & al. 2005, Munzi & al. 2007, Ravera 2008b, Ravera & Genovesi 2008, Zucconi & al. 2013, Brackel 2015), Abr (Caporale & al. 2016, Gheza & al. 2021), Mol (Garofalo & al. 1999, Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Caporale & al. 2008, Paoli & al. 2015, Brackel 2020, Caporale & Ravera 2020), Sar (Zedda 1995, 2002, 2002b, Nöske 2000, Loi & al. 2000, Zedda & al. 2001, Stofer 2006, Piccotto & al. 2009, Rizzi & al. 2011, Giordani & al. 2013, Cossu 2013, Neuwirth 2018, Brackel & Berger 2019, Di Nuzzo & al. 2022). S - Camp (Garofalo & al. 1999, 2010, Ricciardi & al. 2000, Puntillo & al. 2000, Aprile & al. 2002, 2003, 2003b, 2010, 2011, Nimis & Tretiach 2004, Brunialti & al. 2010, 2013, Catalano & al. 2010, 2016, Nascimbene & al. 2010b, Ravera & Brunialti 2013), Pugl (Garofalo & al. 1999, Durini & Medagli 2004, Gianfreda & Matino 2020), Bas (Bartoli & Puntillo 1998, Potenza 2006, Potenza & al. 2010), Cal (Puntillo 1995, 1996, Puntillo & Puntillo 2004, Incerti & Nimis 2006, Stofer 2006, Brackel & Puntillo 2016), Si (Nimis & al. 1994, Ottonello & Salone 1994, Ottonello & al. 1994, Grillo & Cristaudo 1995, Ottonello 1996, Ottonello & Romano 1997, Grillo & Caniglia 2004, 2006, Ottonello 2005, Stofer 2006, Ottonello & al. 2006b, Caniglia & Grillo 2006b, Brackel 2008b, Liistro & Cataldo 2011).
Description: Thallus foliose, heteromerous, dorsiventral, broad-lobed, loosely adnate, 3-20 cm in diam., sorediate. Lobes flat to concave, usually ascending, 4-15 mm wide, with rounded apices, with up to 2 mm long, black marginal cilia (very short and barely visible in some samples). Upper surface grey, smooth, emaculate to faintly white-maculate, with marginal to submarginal, capitate soralia. Lower surface black, with a brown, erhizinate peripheral zone, centrally with scattered, simple, black rhizines. Upper cortex of tightly packed, anticlinally oriented hyphae, with a pored epicortex, the cell walls with lichenan intermediate between the Cetraria- and the Xanthoparmelia-types; medulla white; algal layer continuous; lower cortex prosoplectenchymatous, with rounded and thick-walled cells. Apothecia very rare, lecanorine, substipitate, to 7 mm across, with a brown, imperforate disc and a sorediate thalline margin. Epithecium brownish; hymenium and hypothecium colourless. Asci 8-spored, Lecanora-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid, 21-30 x 13-18 µm. Pycnidia rare, black, immersed, submarginal. Conidia long-bacilliform to thread-like. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: upper cortex K+ yellow, C-, KC-, P-; medulla K+ yellow-orange, C-, KC-, P+ orange, UV-. Chemistry: upper cortex with atranorin and chloroatranorin; medulla with stictic acid (major), constictic acid (minor), norstictic, menegazziaic and cryptostictic acids (traces). Note: a mainly mild-temperate lichen found on bark and mossy siliceous rocks, on isolated trees only in humid areas, otherwise on trees in light woodlands and often restricted to the mossy base of trunks, exceptionally reaching the dry-continental Alpine valleys in sheltered situations (see note on Parmelina tiliacea). This is the most common species of the genus in Italy, but it is rare and localised along the eastern side of the Peninsula.
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: very rare
Submediterranean belt: rather rare
Padanian area: extremely rare
Humid submediterranean belt: very common
Humid mediterranean belt: very common
Dry mediterranean belt: absent
Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
Image from: F. Schumm (2008) - Flechten Madeiras, der Kanaren und Azoren. Beck, OHG - ISBN: 978-3-00-023700-3
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (32182)
2001/12/03
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (20430)
2002/11/04
Juri Nascimbene; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Trento, Villa Welsperg, Centro Visitatori del Parco di Paneveggio; altitude: 1030 m
03.04.2009
Juri Nascimbene; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Trento, Villa Welsperg, Centro Visitatori del Parco di Paneveggio; altitude: 1030 m
03.04.2009
Juri Nascimbene; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Trento, Villa Welsperg, Centro Visitatori del Parco di Paneveggio; altitude: 1030 m
03.04.2009
Manilio Prignano; Owner: Manilio Prignano
Italia, Monti Ausoni
2010
Manilio Prignano; Owner: Manilio Prignano
Italia, Monti Ausoni
2010
Simonetta Peruzzi; Owner: Simonetta Peruzzi
Italy, Toscana, Firenze, Chianti
2010
Harry Taylor; Owner: Natural History Museum London
Pier Luigi Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
TSB Herbarium
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Udine, Ampezzo Carnico, 600 m
09.09.2016
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Opicina, Viale alberato sulla strada per Monrupino
17/02/2017
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Opicina, Viale alberato sulla strada per Monrupino
17/02/2017
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Opicina, Viale alberato sulla strada per Monrupino
17/02/2017
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Opicina, Viale alberato sulla strada per Monrupino
17/02/2017
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[12901], Spanien, Kanaren, La Palma (NW), an der LP-113 bei Topade La Botija an der Abzweigung Pista de Machin, Pinuswald mit viel Usnea, Peltigera, Cladonia; 28°47.033' N, 17°55.070' W, ca. 1350 m. Leg. F. Schumm 14.01.2007, det. Schumm 2007.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[12901], Spanien, Kanaren, La Palma (NW), an der LP-113 bei Topade La Botija an der Abzweigung Pista de Machin, Pinuswald mit viel Usnea, Peltigera, Cladonia; 28°47.033' N, 17°55.070' W, ca. 1350 m. Leg. F. Schumm 14.01.2007, det. Schumm 2007.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[12901], Spanien, Kanaren, La Palma (NW), an der LP-113 bei Topade La Botija an der Abzweigung Pista de Machin, Pinuswald mit viel Usnea, Peltigera, Cladonia; 28°47.033' N, 17°55.070' W, ca. 1350 m. Leg. F. Schumm 14.01.2007, det. Schumm 2007.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[12901], Spanien, Kanaren, La Palma (NW), an der LP-113 bei Topade La Botija an der Abzweigung Pista de Machin, Pinuswald mit viel Usnea, Peltigera, Cladonia; 28°47.033' N, 17°55.070' W, ca. 1350 m. Leg. F. Schumm 14.01.2007, det. Schumm 2007.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19121], New Zealand, North Island, South Auckland, adjacent to scenic reserve overlooking Lake Taupo, 1 km south of Wharewaka, c. 38°46' S, 176°56' E, 350-400 m, open pasture, on outcrop of volcanic rock. Leg. J. Johnston (2392), 20.03.1985.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19121], New Zealand, North Island, South Auckland, adjacent to scenic reserve overlooking Lake Taupo, 1 km south of Wharewaka, c. 38°46' S, 176°56' E, 350-400 m, open pasture, on outcrop of volcanic rock. Leg. J. Johnston (2392), 20.03.1985.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19121], New Zealand, North Island, South Auckland, adjacent to scenic reserve overlooking Lake Taupo, 1 km south of Wharewaka, c. 38°46' S, 176°56' E, 350-400 m, open pasture, on outcrop of volcanic rock. Leg. J. Johnston (2392), 20.03.1985.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19121], New Zealand, North Island, South Auckland, adjacent to scenic reserve overlooking Lake Taupo, 1 km south of Wharewaka, c. 38°46' S, 176°56' E, 350-400 m, open pasture, on outcrop of volcanic rock. Leg. J. Johnston (2392), 20.03.1985
at: atranorin, sti: stictic acid, m: menegazzaic acid, cs: constictic acid, cy: cryptostictic acid
Harry Taylor; Owner: Natural History Museum London
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Parmotrema_perlatum.htm
France, 27/04/2011 - Olmetto Muliccia - Corse
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Parmotrema_perlatum.htm
France, 27/04/2011 - Olmetto Muliccia - Corse
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Parmotrema_perlatum.htm
France, 27/04/2011 - Olmetto Muliccia - Corse
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Parmotrema_perlatum.htm
France, 27/04/2011 - Olmetto Muliccia - Corse
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=156&lang=en
France, Camaret
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=156&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=156&lang=en
France, Brest
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=156&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=156&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=156&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre
Arnaud Delhoume - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=156&lang=en
France, Cher
Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=156&lang=en
France, Quimper
Alain Gerault - Source: hhttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1229&lang=en
France, Brest
Alain Gerault - Source: hhttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1229&lang=en
France, Brest
Alain Gerault - Source: hhttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1229&lang=en
France, Brest
Alain Gerault - Source: hhttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1229&lang=en
France, Brest
Alain Gerault - Source: hhttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1229&lang=en
France, Brest
Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1232&lang=en
France, Brest
on wood
Hermine Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1233&lang=en
France, Le Relecq Kerhuon
on twigs
Hermine Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1233&lang=en
France, Le Relecq Kerhuon
on twigs
Hermine Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1233&lang=en
France, Le Relecq Kerhuon
on twigs
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1233&lang=en
France, Postolonnec
on twigs
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1233&lang=en
France, Postolonnec
on twigs
Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1233&lang=en
France, Brest
on twigs
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1231&lang=en
France, Crozon
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1231&lang=en
France, Crozon
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1231&lang=en
France, Landevennec Abbaye
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1231&lang=en
France, Landevennec Abbaye
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1231&lang=en
France, Pointe de Treberon
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1231&lang=en
France, Pointe de Treberon
saxicolous
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: very rare
Submediterranean belt: rather rare
Padanian area: extremely rare
Humid submediterranean belt: very common
Humid mediterranean belt: very common
Dry mediterranean belt: absent
Predictive model
| Herbarium samples |
Index Fungorum
GBIF
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
Image from: F. Schumm (2008) - Flechten Madeiras, der Kanaren und Azoren. Beck, OHG - ISBN: 978-3-00-023700-3
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (32182)
2001/12/03
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (20430)
2002/11/04
Juri Nascimbene; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Trento, Villa Welsperg, Centro Visitatori del Parco di Paneveggio; altitude: 1030 m
03.04.2009
Juri Nascimbene; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Trento, Villa Welsperg, Centro Visitatori del Parco di Paneveggio; altitude: 1030 m
03.04.2009
Juri Nascimbene; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Trento, Villa Welsperg, Centro Visitatori del Parco di Paneveggio; altitude: 1030 m
03.04.2009
Manilio Prignano; Owner: Manilio Prignano
Italia, Monti Ausoni
2010
Manilio Prignano; Owner: Manilio Prignano
Italia, Monti Ausoni
2010
Simonetta Peruzzi; Owner: Simonetta Peruzzi
Italy, Toscana, Firenze, Chianti
2010
Harry Taylor; Owner: Natural History Museum London
Pier Luigi Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
TSB Herbarium
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Udine, Ampezzo Carnico, 600 m
09.09.2016
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Opicina, Viale alberato sulla strada per Monrupino
17/02/2017
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Opicina, Viale alberato sulla strada per Monrupino
17/02/2017
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Opicina, Viale alberato sulla strada per Monrupino
17/02/2017
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Opicina, Viale alberato sulla strada per Monrupino
17/02/2017
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[12901], Spanien, Kanaren, La Palma (NW), an der LP-113 bei Topade La Botija an der Abzweigung Pista de Machin, Pinuswald mit viel Usnea, Peltigera, Cladonia; 28°47.033' N, 17°55.070' W, ca. 1350 m. Leg. F. Schumm 14.01.2007, det. Schumm 2007.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[12901], Spanien, Kanaren, La Palma (NW), an der LP-113 bei Topade La Botija an der Abzweigung Pista de Machin, Pinuswald mit viel Usnea, Peltigera, Cladonia; 28°47.033' N, 17°55.070' W, ca. 1350 m. Leg. F. Schumm 14.01.2007, det. Schumm 2007.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[12901], Spanien, Kanaren, La Palma (NW), an der LP-113 bei Topade La Botija an der Abzweigung Pista de Machin, Pinuswald mit viel Usnea, Peltigera, Cladonia; 28°47.033' N, 17°55.070' W, ca. 1350 m. Leg. F. Schumm 14.01.2007, det. Schumm 2007.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[12901], Spanien, Kanaren, La Palma (NW), an der LP-113 bei Topade La Botija an der Abzweigung Pista de Machin, Pinuswald mit viel Usnea, Peltigera, Cladonia; 28°47.033' N, 17°55.070' W, ca. 1350 m. Leg. F. Schumm 14.01.2007, det. Schumm 2007.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19121], New Zealand, North Island, South Auckland, adjacent to scenic reserve overlooking Lake Taupo, 1 km south of Wharewaka, c. 38°46' S, 176°56' E, 350-400 m, open pasture, on outcrop of volcanic rock. Leg. J. Johnston (2392), 20.03.1985.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19121], New Zealand, North Island, South Auckland, adjacent to scenic reserve overlooking Lake Taupo, 1 km south of Wharewaka, c. 38°46' S, 176°56' E, 350-400 m, open pasture, on outcrop of volcanic rock. Leg. J. Johnston (2392), 20.03.1985.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19121], New Zealand, North Island, South Auckland, adjacent to scenic reserve overlooking Lake Taupo, 1 km south of Wharewaka, c. 38°46' S, 176°56' E, 350-400 m, open pasture, on outcrop of volcanic rock. Leg. J. Johnston (2392), 20.03.1985.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19121], New Zealand, North Island, South Auckland, adjacent to scenic reserve overlooking Lake Taupo, 1 km south of Wharewaka, c. 38°46' S, 176°56' E, 350-400 m, open pasture, on outcrop of volcanic rock. Leg. J. Johnston (2392), 20.03.1985
at: atranorin, sti: stictic acid, m: menegazzaic acid, cs: constictic acid, cy: cryptostictic acid
Harry Taylor; Owner: Natural History Museum London
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Parmotrema_perlatum.htm
France, 27/04/2011 - Olmetto Muliccia - Corse
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Parmotrema_perlatum.htm
France, 27/04/2011 - Olmetto Muliccia - Corse
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Parmotrema_perlatum.htm
France, 27/04/2011 - Olmetto Muliccia - Corse
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Parmotrema_perlatum.htm
France, 27/04/2011 - Olmetto Muliccia - Corse
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=156&lang=en
France, Camaret
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=156&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=156&lang=en
France, Brest
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=156&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=156&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=156&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre
Arnaud Delhoume - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=156&lang=en
France, Cher
Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=156&lang=en
France, Quimper
Alain Gerault - Source: hhttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1229&lang=en
France, Brest
Alain Gerault - Source: hhttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1229&lang=en
France, Brest
Alain Gerault - Source: hhttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1229&lang=en
France, Brest
Alain Gerault - Source: hhttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1229&lang=en
France, Brest
Alain Gerault - Source: hhttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1229&lang=en
France, Brest
Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1232&lang=en
France, Brest
on wood
Hermine Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1233&lang=en
France, Le Relecq Kerhuon
on twigs
Hermine Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1233&lang=en
France, Le Relecq Kerhuon
on twigs
Hermine Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1233&lang=en
France, Le Relecq Kerhuon
on twigs
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1233&lang=en
France, Postolonnec
on twigs
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1233&lang=en
France, Postolonnec
on twigs
Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1233&lang=en
France, Brest
on twigs
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1231&lang=en
France, Crozon
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1231&lang=en
France, Crozon
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1231&lang=en
France, Landevennec Abbaye
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1231&lang=en
France, Landevennec Abbaye
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1231&lang=en
France, Pointe de Treberon
saxicolous
