Physcia stellaris (L.) Nyl.

Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, 21: 307, 1856. Basionym: Lichen stellaris L. - Sp. Pl.: 1144, 1753.
Synonyms: Hagenia stellaris (L.) De Not.; Parmelia stellaris (L.) Ach.; Physcia aipolia var. ambigua (Ehrh.) H. Olivier; Physcia stellaris var. rosulata (Ach.) Hue; Physcia stellaris var. tenera Lynge
Distribution: N - Frl (Giordani & al. 2003b, Tretiach & Molaro 2007, Hafellner & Zimmermann 2012), Ven (Nimis & al. 1996c, Hafellner 1997, Nascimbene & Caniglia 1997, Caniglia & al. 1999, Lazzarin 2000, Nascimbene 2005c, 2008, 2008c, Nascimbene & Marini 2007), TAA (Nascimbene 2001b, 2003, 2005b, 2008b, Nascimbene & al. 2005, 2006, 2007b, 2022, Zarabska & al. 2009, Nimis & al. 2015), Lomb (Rivellini 1994, Valcuvia & Gianatti 1995, Zocchi & al. 1997, Arosio & al. 2003, Gheza & al. 2023), Piem (Caniglia & al. 1992, Morisi & Sereno 1995, Arosio & al. 1998, Clerc & al. 1999, Isocrono & Falletti 1999, Castino 2004, Isocrono & al. 2004, 2005b, 2007, 2009, Griselli & al. 2003, Piervittori 2003, Giordani & Malaspina 2016), VA Piervittori & Maffei 1996, 2001, Piervittori & Isocrono 1997, 1999, Piervittori & al. 2001, Revel & al. 2001, Matteucci & al. 2008c, Ongaro & al. 2022), Emil (Bassi 1995, Gasparo & Tretiach 1996, Nimis & al. 1996, Sallese 2003, Benesperi 2009, Brackel 2015, Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig (Brunialti & al. 1999, Giordani & al. 2002, Brunialti & Giordani 2003, Giordani 2006, Giordani & Incerti 2008). C - Tosc (Loppi & al. 1996b, 1997b, 1998b, 1999a, 2002, 2002b, 2003, 2006, Loppi & Nascimbene 1998, 2010, Tretiach & Ganis 1999, Putortì & Loppi 1999b, Loppi & Putortì 2001, Tretiach & al. 2008, Frati & al. 2008, Brunialti & Frati 2010, Benesperi 2011, Brackel 2015, Nascimbene & al. 2015, Frati & Brunialti 2023), Marc (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Frati & Brunialti 2006, Brackel 2015), Umb (Ravera 1998, Ravera & al. 2006, Panfili 2007, Brackel 2015), Laz (Ravera 2001, Massari & Ravera 2002, Nimis & Tretiach 2004, Ruisi & al. 2005, Zucconi & al. 2013, Brackel 2015), Abr (Recchia & al. 1993, Olivieri & Pacioni 1996, Olivieri & al. 1997, 1997b, Loppi & al. 1999, Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Brackel 2015, Caporale & al. 2016, Corona & al. 2016, Gheza & al. 2021), Mol (Garofalo & al. 1999, Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Caporale & al. 2008, Paoli & al. 2015, Brackel 2020), Sar (Zedda 1995, 2002, Cossu 2013, Neuwirth 2018). S - Camp (Garofalo & al. 1999, 2010, Ricciardi & al. 2000, Aprile & al. 2003b, 2011, Nimis & Tretiach 2004, Catalano & al. 2016), Pugl (Durini & Medagli 2004, Brackel 2011), Bas (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Potenza 2006, Potenza & al. 2010, Brackel 2011), Cal (Puntillo 1996, Incerti & Nimis 2006, Brackel & Puntillo 2016), Si (Ottonello & al. 1994, Merlo 2004, Falco Scampatelli 2005, Brackel 2008b, Campisi & al. 2020).
Description: Thallus foliose, heteromerous, dorsiventral, narrow-lobed, closely adpressed, forming orbicular, up to 4 cm wide rosettes. Lobes to 2 mm broad, flat to usually convex, whitish grey to (rarely) cream-coloured, not maculate and not pruinose. Lower surface white to brownish, with simple rhizines. Upper cortex: paraplectenchymatous; medulla white; lower cortex prosoplectenchymatous, with the lowermost part gradually forming rounded, isodiametric cells. Apothecia common, lecanorine, to 3(-4) mm diam. with a sometimes white-pruinose, otherwise black disc and a smooth thalline margin. Asci 8-spored, clavate, very thin-walled, with a K/I+ blue, tall tholus penetrated by a faintly amyloid apical cushion, the wall K/I-, surrounded by a K/I+ blue outer layer, Lecanora-type. Ascospores: 1-septate, brown, ellipsoid, (13-)15-22(-28) x (6.5-)7-11(-12) µm, the wall thickened at apex and at septum, Physcia-type. Pycnidia common, immersed, black. Conidia subcylindrical, 4-6 x 1 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: cortex K+ yellow, C-, KC-, P+ yellow; medulla K-. Chemistry: cortex with atranorin.
Note: a (cool-) temperate to southern boreal-montane, circumpolar lichen of isolated trees. P. biziana, P. aipolia and P. stellaris, although often overlapping in their altitudinal distributions, are altitudinal vicariants in Italy, P. stellaris has the optimum in and above the beech-belt, from Sicily to the Alps where it is most common, and is the most ‘continental’ of the three species.
Growth form: Foliose, narrow lobed
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: rather common
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: very common
Submediterranean belt: rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: very rare
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

0123

Altitudinal distribution:

123456


Predictive model
Herbarium samples

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (34312)
2001/12/24



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (33617)
2001/12/07
apothecia


Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu


Triin Aimla; Owner: University of Tartu



Juri Nascimbene; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Trento, Villa Welsperg, Centro Visitatori del Parco di Paneveggio; altitude: 1030 m
03.04.2009



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[5497], Süd-Deutschland, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Tübingen, an der Nordkante der Hochfläche des Farrenbergs südlich Mössingen, 810 m; 48°23.206 N, 9°04.577 E; an Sorbus. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 03.04.1999



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[5497], Süd-Deutschland, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Tübingen, an der Nordkante der Hochfläche des Farrenbergs südlich Mössingen, 810 m; 48°23.206 N, 9°04.577 E; an Sorbus. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 03.04.1999



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[5497], Süd-Deutschland, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Tübingen, an der Nordkante der Hochfläche des Farrenbergs südlich Mössingen, 810 m; 48°23.206 N, 9°04.577 E; an Sorbus. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 03.04.1999



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[GW_2], Deutschland, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Alb- Donaukreis, nördlich von Westernheim, Straßenbäume (meist Ahorn), 48,52485° N, 9,62333° E. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 24.05.2009.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[GW_2], Deutschland, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Alb- Donaukreis, nördlich von Westernheim, Straßenbäume (meist Ahorn), 48,52485° N, 9,62333° E. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 24.05.2009.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[GW_2], Deutschland, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Alb- Donaukreis, nördlich von Westernheim, Straßenbäume (meist Ahorn), 48,52485° N, 9,62333° E. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 24.05.2009.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[GW_2], Deutschland, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Alb- Donaukreis, nördlich von Westernheim, Straßenbäume (meist Ahorn), 48,52485° N, 9,62333° E. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 24.05.2009.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[GW_2], Deutschland, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Alb- Donaukreis, nördlich von Westernheim, Straßenbäume (meist Ahorn), 48,52485° N, 9,62333° E. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 24.05.2009.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[GW_2], Deutschland, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Alb- Donaukreis, nördlich von Westernheim, Straßenbäume (meist Ahorn), 48,52485° N, 9,62333° E. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 24.05.2009.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[GW_2], Deutschland, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Alb- Donaukreis, nördlich von Westernheim, Straßenbäume (meist Ahorn), 48,52485° N, 9,62333° E. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 24.05.2009.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[GW_2], Deutschland, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Alb- Donaukreis, nördlich von Westernheim, Straßenbäume (meist Ahorn), 48,52485° N, 9,62333° E. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 24.05.2009.
at: atranorin; anal. M.Guwak



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[LIAF_27], Afghanistan, Prov. Paktia, 4 km N Rabat, ca.10 km S Chamkani, an der Straße von Chamkani nach Zambar, 69°47.5’ E, 33°42.5’ N, 1880 m. Auf Sträuchern (Rosa ?). Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 79), 04.07.1970. LICHENOTHECA AFGHANICA NR. 27



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[LIAF_27], Afghanistan, Prov. Paktia, 4 km N Rabat, ca.10 km S Chamkani, an der Straße von Chamkani nach Zambar, 69°47.5’ E, 33°42.5’ N, 1880 m. Auf Sträuchern (Rosa ?). Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 79), 04.07.1970. LICHENOTHECA AFGHANICA NR. 27



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[LIAF_35], Afghanistan, Prov. Paktia, 4 km N Rabat, ca.10 km S Chamkani, an der Straße von Chamkani nach Zambar, 69°47.5’ E, 33°42.5’ N, 1880 m. Auf Sträuchern von Cotoneaster cf. subuniflora (Kitamura) Klotz. LICHENOTHECA AFGHANICA NR. 35.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[LIAF_35], Afghanistan, Prov. Paktia, 4 km N Rabat, ca.10 km S Chamkani, an der Straße von Chamkani nach Zambar, 69°47.5’ E, 33°42.5’ N, 1880 m. Auf Sträuchern von Cotoneaster cf. subuniflora (Kitamura) Klotz. LICHENOTHECA AFGHANICA NR. 35.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[LIAF_35], Afghanistan, Prov. Paktia, 4 km N Rabat, ca.10 km S Chamkani, an der Straße von Chamkani nach Zambar, 69°47.5’ E, 33°42.5’ N, 1880 m. Auf Sträuchern von Cotoneaster cf. subuniflora (Kitamura) Klotz. LICHENOTHECA AFGHANICA NR. 35.


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=569&lang=en
France, Châteaulin


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=569&lang=en
France, Châteaulin


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=569&lang=en
France, Nyons


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=569&lang=en
France, Nyons


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=569&lang=en
France, Nyons


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=569&lang=en
France, Nyons


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=569&lang=en
France, Nyons


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=569&lang=en
France, Nyons


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=569&lang=en
France, Nyons


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=569&lang=en
France, Nyons


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=569&lang=en
France, Nyons


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=569&lang=en
France, Nyons


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Austria: Alps


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Austria: Alps


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Austria: Alps