Placynthium dolichoterum (Nyl.) Trevis.

Sched. ad Lich. Ven. Exs.: nr. 98, 1869. Basionym: Pannaria dolichotera Nyl. - Lichenes Scand.: 127, 1861.
Synonyms: Parmeliella melantera (Stirt.) A.L. Sm.; Placynthium pluriseptatum (Arnold) Arnold
Distribution: N - Frl, Ven (Nascimbene & al. 2021), TAA (Nascimbene & al. 2022), Lig.
Description: Thallus crustose, rimose-areolate, dark brown to black, somewhat shiny, to 0.5 mm thick, covered with verrucose-papillate isidioid outgrowths throughout, forming patches to 3(-4) cm in diam., usually without a distinct prothallus. Apothecia biatorine, black, up to 1(-1.5) mm across., with a first flat, then convex, smooth, shiny disc and a thin, finally often excluded, shiny proper margin. Proper exciple black in section; epithecium blue green; hymenium colourless, 100-112 μm high; paraphyses distinctly septate, sparingly branched; hypothecium pale brown. Asci 8-spored, apically thickened, with an amyloid cap. Ascospores 3-5-septate, hyaline, narrowly cylindrical to fusiform, (25-)27-37(-48) x 3-4(-6) μm. Pycnidia 90-150 μm across, the wall blue at least in upper part. Conidia bacilliform, (4-)5-6 x c. 1 μm. Photobiont cyanobacterial, Scytonema-like. Spot tests: all negative. Chemistry: without lichen substances.
Note: on basic siliceous or slightly calciferous rocks in humid-sheltered situations near or above treeline. A poorly known species of the P. nigrum-complex, which badly needs revision. According to Roux & coll. (2014) it is fairly common in the Western Alps.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: cyanobacteria, filamentous (e.g. Nostoc, Scytonema)
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by isidia, or isidia-like structures (e.g. schizidia)
Poorly known taxon in need of further study

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: extremely rare
Subalpine belt: rare
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: extremely rare
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Text_P_3/Placynthium_dolichoterum.htm
France, 2014 - Vanoise, Mont Cenis - Haute-Savoie


Source: Czeika & Czeika, Herzogia 20: 44, 2007.



Juri Nascimbene CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Veneto, Alps


Czeika & Czeika, Herzogia 20: 44, 2007.



Juri Nascimbene CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Veneto, Alps



Juri Nascimbene CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Veneto, Alps



Juri Nascimbene CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Veneto, Alps



Juri Nascimbene CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Veneto, Alps



Juri Nascimbene CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Veneto, Alps



Juri Nascimbene CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Veneto, Alps



Juri Nascimbene CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Veneto, Alps



Juri Nascimbene CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Veneto, Alps


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Text_P_3/Placynthium_dolichoterum.htm
France, 2014 - Vanoise, Mont Cenis - Haute-Savoie


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Text_P_3/Placynthium_dolichoterum.htm
France, 2014 - Vanoise, Mont Cenis - Haute-Savoie


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Text_P_3/Placynthium_dolichoterum.htm
France, 2014 - Vanoise, Mont Cenis - Haute-Savoie


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Text_P_3/Placynthium_dolichoterum.htm
France, 2014 - Vanoise, Mont Cenis - Haute-Savoie