Polycauliona polycarpa (Hoffm.) Frödén, Arup & Søchting

in Arup & al., Nord. J. Bot, 31: 53, 2013. Basionym: Lobaria polycarpa Hoffm. - Deutschl. Fl.: 136, 1796.
Synonyms: Massjukiella polycarpa ; Parmelia parietina var. polycarpa (Hoffm.) Fr.; Physcia parietina var. pulvinata A. Massal.; Xanthoria lychnea var. polycarpa (Hoffm.) Th. Fr.; Xanthoria parietina var. polycarpa (Hoffm.) Nyl.; Xanthoria polycarpa (Hoffm.) Rieber
Distribution: N - Frl, Ven (Nascimbene 2005c, Nascimbene & al. 2006, Nascimbene & Marini 2007), TAA (Lich. Graec. 20: Obermayer 1995, Hafellner 1997, Nascimbene & Caniglia 2000, 2002c, Nascimbene 2003, 2006c, Nascimbene & al. 2006e, 2007b, Zarabska & al. 2009), Lomb (Dalle Vedove & al. 2004, Nascimbene & al. 2006e, Gheza 2019, 2019b), Piem (Morisi & Sereno 1995, Griselli & al. 2003), VA (Piervittori & Isocrono 1999), Emil (Sallese 2003, Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig (LD-1400195). C - Tosc (Brackel 2015, Tretiach 2015t), Marc (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Umb (Ravera 2000, Panfili 2000, Ravera & al. 2006), Laz (Ravera 2008), Abr (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Gheza & al. 2021), Mol (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Caporale & al. 2008, Genovesi & Ravera 2014), Sar (Zedda 1995, 2002, Zedda & al. 2001, Cossu 2013). S - Camp (Aprile & al. 2003b, Nimis & Tretiach 2004), Pugl (Brackel 2011), Bas (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Potenza 2006, Paoli & al. 2006, Brackel 2011), Cal (Puntillo 1996), Si (Falco Scampatelli 2005).
Description: Thallus foliose, forming up to 2(-3) cm wide rosettes, yellow to yellowish grey in shade-forms. Lobes flat to convex, very short, 0.2-0.7(-1) mm wide, broadening towards apices which are finely divided into many lobe-ends; lower surface white, somewhat wrinkled, with scattered short, white hapters. Apothecia lecanorine, extremely abundant, usually crowded and occupying most of the rosette, laminal, stipitate, to 1.5 mm across, with a yellow-orange, concave to flat disc and a thin, smooth to crenulate thalline margin. Epithecium orange-brown, K+ red; hymenium colourless; paraphyses simple or sparingly branched, the apical cells swollen; hypothecium colourless. Asci 8-spored, clavate, functionally unitunicate, apically thickened with a broad internal beak, the inner part of apex and external cap I+ blue, Teloschistes-type. Ascospores 2-celled, polarilocular, hyaline, ellipsoid, 11-15 x 5-8 µm, the equatorial thickening (“septum”) 2-4(-6) µm. Pycnidia common, immersed, slightly darker orange than upper surface. Conidia ellipsoid, 2-3 x 1-1.5 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus and apothecia K+ dark red, C-, KC-, P-, UV+ intensely orange-red. Chemistry: parietin (major), fallacinal, emodin, teloschistin and parietinic acid corresponfing to chemosyndrome A of Søchting (1997).
Note: a mainly boreal-montane, circumpolar species found on isolated trees and sun-exposed branches and small twigs, on wooden poles and fences; most frequent in the Central Alps, rarer in the eastern Apennines, extending southwards to Calabria and the mountains of Sicily, where it is very rare.
Growth form: Foliose, narrow lobed
Substrata: bark and lignum
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: rather rare
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: very rare
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF


Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0; Owner: ITALIC - Dyades Project - Dept. of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Trento, Monte Bondone
2014



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (24691)
2001/12/11



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (24691)
2001/12/11


Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu


Triin Aimla; Owner: University of Tartu



Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Stelvio National Park, Reg. Trentino-Alto Adige Prov. Trento, Italy.
07.2005


Harry Taylor; Owner: Natural History Museum London



Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Stelvio National Park, Reg. Trentino-Alto Adige Prov. Trento, Italy.
07.2005


Leif Stridvall - Courtesy: Anita Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/


Leif Stridvall - Courtesy: Anita Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/


Jurga Motiejūnaitė - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=478&lang=en
Lithuania


Jurga Motiejūnaitė - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=478&lang=en
Lithuania


Jurga Motiejūnaitė - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=478&lang=en
Lithuania


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=478&lang=en
Belgium


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse