Psora decipiens (Hedw.) Hoffm.

Descr. Adumbr. Pl. Crypt. Lich., 2: 68, 1794. Basionym: Lichen decipiens Hedw. - Descr. Adumbr. Musc. Frond., 2: 7, 1789.
Synonyms: Biatora decipiens (Hedw.) Fr.; Lecanora decipiens (Hedw.) Ach.; Lecidea decipiens (Hedw.) Ach.; Lecidea flavorubens Werner
Distribution: N - VG (Tretiach 1996), Frl, Ven (Caniglia & al. 1999, Nascimbene 2002, 2008, Nascimbene & Caniglia 2003c, Nascimbene & Marini 2007), TAA (Nascimbene & al. 2006, 2022, Nascimbene 2008b), Lomb (Dalle Vedove & al. 2004), Piem (Isocrono & al. 2004, Hafellner & al. 2004, Gheza 2020), VA (Piervittori & Isocrono 1999, Piervittori & al. 2001, Isocrono & al. 2008), Emil (Scarpa 1993, Nimis & al. 1996, Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig. C - Tosc (Loppi & al. 1998, 2004b, Benesperi 2006, Tretiach & al. 2008), Marc (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Umb (Panfili 2000, 2007, Ravera & al. 2006), Laz (Di Pietro & al. 2022), Abr (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Di Nuzzo & al. 2021, Gheza & al. 2021, Vallese & al. 2022), Mol (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Caporale & al. 2008), Sar. S - Camp (Garofalo & al. 1999, 2010, Aprile & al. 2003b, Nimis & Tretiach 2004), Pugl (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Durini & Medagli 2002, 2004, Gianfreda & Matino 2020), Bas (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Potenza 2006, Potenza & al. 2010, Brackel 2011), Cal (Puntillo 1996), Si (Nimis & al. 1994, 1996b, Ottonello & Salone 1994, Ottonello & al. 1994, 2011, Ottonello 1996, Ottonello & Romano 1997, Grillo 1998, Caniglia & Grillo 2001, 2005, 2006, Grillo & al. 2002, Merlo 2004, 2004b, Grillo & Caniglia 2004, 2005, Gianguzzi & al. 2009, Cataldo & Minissale 2013, 2015, Di Martino & Stancanelli 2015).
Description: Thallus squamulose, red to bright brownish red, often coarsely white-pruinose especially at the margin. Squamules (2-)3-6 mm broad, more or less rounded, concave to convex, usually with upturned, crenulate, whitish edges, contiguous to scattered, smooth to fissured. Lower surface whitish, ecorticate. Upper cortex 80-120 μm thick, of thin-walled hyphae with round lumina; lower cortex absent or poorly developed. Apothecia lecideine, sessile, mostly marginal, up to 1.5-2 mm across, with a dark brown to usually black, sometimes white-pruinose, convex, smooth disc, and an indistinct proper margin. Epithecium reddish brown, K+ red; paraphyses coherent, anastomosing; hypothecium brownish. Asci 8-spored, elongate-clavate, with a thin, outer amyloid layer and a thickened tholus penetrated by a tube, the sides of which stain I/KI+ deep blue, without an ocular chamber, Porpidia-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid, 11-18(-20.5) x (4-)6-8 μm, thin-walled. Pycnidia dark, laminal, immersed. Conidia bacilliform, 6-7 x 1 μm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: cortex K-, C-, KC-, P-, UV-; medulla K- or K+ yellow turning red. Chemistry: without lichen substances or medulla with norstictic acid (especially in Mediterranean samples); epithecium with anthraquinones.
Note: a widespread holarctic species with a broad altitudinal and latitudinal range, found on bare calciferous soil, especially in dry grasslands; rare only in areas with intensive grazing, high trampling, and intense disturbance. The wide ecological amplitude could be due to the capacity of this species to associate with several different species of Trebouxia and Asterochloris (Ruprecht & al. 2016). The records of P. crenata from Sardinia and Sicily by Jatta (1909-1911) most probably refer to this species.
Growth form: Squamulose
Substrata: soil, terricolous mosses, and plant debris
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: rather common
Subalpine belt: very common
Oromediterranean belt: rather common
Montane belt: rather common
Submediterranean belt: rather rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: rather rare
Humid mediterranean belt: rather common
Dry mediterranean belt: rather common

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF


Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
Image from: F. Schumm (2008) - Flechten Madeiras, der Kanaren und Azoren. Beck, OHG - ISBN: 978-3-00-023700-3



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (9450)
2001/11/29



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (10868)
2001/11/29



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (35298)
2002/07/15
apothecium, squamules with detail of pruina



P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (38333)
2008.02.25



P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (38333)
2008.02.25


Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[13518], Griechenland, S-Kreta, Asteroussia Berge, an der Straße von Miamou nach Lentas, 11 km vor Lentas, 520 m, Felsen in Oleahain. Leg. Schumm & Düll 23.10.2007, det. Schumm 2007.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[13518], Griechenland, S-Kreta, Asteroussia Berge, an der Straße von Miamou nach Lentas, 11 km vor Lentas, 520 m, Felsen in Oleahain. Leg. Schumm & Düll 23.10.2007, det. Schumm 2007.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[13518], Griechenland, S-Kreta, Asteroussia Berge, an der Straße von Miamou nach Lentas, 11 km vor Lentas, 520 m, Felsen in Oleahain. Leg. Schumm & Düll 23.10.2007, det. Schumm 2007.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[13518], Griechenland, S-Kreta, Asteroussia Berge, an der Straße von Miamou nach Lentas, 11 km vor Lentas, 520 m, Felsen in Oleahain. Leg. Schumm & Düll 23.10.2007, det. Schumm 2007.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[13518], Griechenland, S-Kreta, Asteroussia Berge, an der Straße von Miamou nach Lentas, 11 km vor Lentas, 520 m, Felsen in Oleahain. Leg. Schumm & Düll 23.10.2007, det. Schumm 2007.



Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 42432



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 44080



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 44080



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04
TSB 36764


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Psora_decipiens.htm
France, au sol parmi les mousses - session AFL 2008 - Lozère


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Psora_decipiens.htm
France, au sol parmi les mousses - session AFL 2008 - Lozère


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Psora_decipiens.htm
France, au sol parmi les mousses - session AFL 2008 - Lozère


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Psora_decipiens.htm
France, au sol parmi les mousses - session AFL 2008 - Lozère


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Psora_decipiens.htm
France, au sol parmi les mousses - session AFL 2008 - Lozère


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=174&lang=en
France, Givet, Ardennes


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=174&lang=en
France, Pierre St. Martin