Pycnothelia papillaria Dufour

Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys., 8: 46, 1821.
Synonyms: Biatora epimarta (Nyl.) Walt. Watson; Cenomyce papillaria Ach. nom. illegit.; Cladonia papillaria Hoffm nom. illegit.; Cladonia trapezuntica J. Steiner; Lecidea epimarta Nyl.
Distribution: N - Frl (Tretiach & Hafellner 2000), Ven (vidi!), TAA (Bilovitz & al. 2014, Nascimbene & al. 2022), Lomb (Gheza 2017, 2019b), Piem (Isocrono & al. 2004, Obermayer 2009, Gheza 2020), VA (Borlandelli & al. 1996, Piervittori & Isocrono 1997, 1999, Piervittori & al. 2004), Emil (Dalle Vedove & al. 2002, Benesperi & al. 2007, Tretiach & al. 2008, Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig (Ravera & al. 2022). C - Tosc (Benesperi & al. 2007). S - Si.
Description: Primary thallus crustose, persistent (rarely disappearing in exceptionally well-developed specimens), of ecorticate granules grouped into 20-40 mm wide rosettes. Podetia wart-like to cylindrical, grey to brownish, hollow inside, the internal surface cartilaginous and striate, <0.5 mm thick, 2-5(-10) mm tall, smooth, esquamulose, with rounded, darkened apices, mostly simple, but sometimes sparingly branched in upper part, with frequent, dark pycnidial ostioles at the tips. Apothecia extremely rare, terminal, brown, convex. Asci 8-spored, clavate, thickened at apex, with a K/I+ blue tholus and a K/I+ strongly blue outer gelatinous sheath, Cladonia-type. Ascospores 1-2-celled, colourless, fusiform, thin-walled, 9-15 x 2-3.5 µm. Pycnidia dark, immersed, with a colourless jelly. Conidia filiform, curved. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus K+ yellow, C-, KC-, P-; medulla UV+ blue-white. Chemistry: atranorin, and variable amounts of lichesterinic, protolichesterinic and squamatic acids.
Note: an arctic-alpine to cool-temperate lichen found on clay soil, often in Calluna-heaths; most frequent in the Alps, becoming much rarer southwards.
Growth form: Fruticose

Substrata: soil, terricolous mosses, and plant debris
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: rare
Subalpine belt: rather rare
Oromediterranean belt: extremely rare
Montane belt: very rare
Submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (11504)
2001/11/29


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=251&lang=en
France, Camaret



P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (36806)
2008.02.25


Helena Rodriguez
Spain, Galicia, Peña Trevinca
06.2019


Mark Rahill - CC BY-SA 4.0
USA


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=251&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 38871



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 42077



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 35215


Gabriele Gheza - https://lichenidilombardia.home.blog
Italy, Piemonte, Biella, Val Sessera, 450 m
12/2018
very well-developed specimens, with almost no primary thallus


Gabriele Gheza - https://lichenidilombardia.home.blog
Italy, Piemonte, Biella, Val Sessera, 450 m
12/2018
very well-developed specimens, with almost no primary thallus


Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=251&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=251&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=251&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=251&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=251&lang=en
France, Kerloc'h


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=251&lang=en
France, Kerloc'h


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=251&lang=en
France, Telgruc


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=251&lang=en
France, Camaret


Triin Aimla; Owner: University of Tartu


Zahlbruckner A. 1926. Lichenes (Flechten). In: Engler A. (ed.): Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. 2nd ed., vol 8, W. Engelmann, Leipzig, 270 pp.