Pyrenocarpon thelostoma (J. Harriman) Coppins & Aptroot
Lichenologist, 40: 372, 2008. Basionym: Verrucaria thelostoma Ach. ex J. Harriman in Winch & al. - Bot. Guide, 2: 44, 1807.
Synonyms: Psorotichia flotowiana (Hepp) Müll. Arg.; Psorotichia leprosa (Anzi) Forssell; Pyrenocarpon flotowianum (Hepp) Trevis.; Pyrenopsis flotowiana (Hepp) Nyl.; Pyrenopsis leprosa Anzi; Pyrenula umbonata Ach.; Thelochroa flotowiana (Hepp) Körb.; Thrombium thelostoma (J. Harriman) A.L. Sm.; Verrucaria flotowiana Hepp
Distribution: N - VG, TAA, Lomb (Schultz 2014)..
Description: Thallus crustose, thinly episubstratic, dark brown to olive-black, minutely cracked-areolate or continuous and diffuse, especially in peripheral parts, homoiomerous, gelatinous when wet, up to 0.2 mm thick. Areoles indistinct or very small, 0.1-0.2(-0.35) mm across, more or less angular, flat or slightly convex, smooth to finely granulose, attached by rhizohyphae, ecorticate. Thallus anatomy paraplectenchymatous, with a network of c. 3–5 µm wide, small-celled hyphae enclosing the photobiont cells. Apothecia immersed in conical to hemispherical thalline warts, 0.15-0.4(- 0.5) mm across, at first punctiform, then with an exposed, reddish brown, sometimes finally umbonate disc surrounded by a distinct, whitish proper exciple and by a smooth thalline margin. Thalline exciple 50-75 µm wide laterally, becoming thinner in upper part; proper exciple of strongly conglutinated, small-celled hyphae, colourless and 10-15 µm wide at the margin and basis, brownish and c. 25-35 µm wide in upper part; epithecium yellowish brown; hymenium colourless, 125-150 µm high, K/I+ faintly blue; paraphyses slender, branched and anastomosing, the apical cells slightly swollen, 3-5 µm wide; hypothecium colourless, extending downwards as a stipe. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical or narrowly clavate, thin-walled, without internal amyloid structures. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid, (9-)13-18(-22.5) x 7-10(-12) µm. Pycnidia immersed to projecting and wart-like, with a paler ostiolar region. Conidia short-bacilliform, c. 3 x 1 µm. Photobiont cyanobacterial, chroococcoid, the cells 5-7(-10) µm wide, enclosed in yellowish brown gelatinous sheaths. Spot tests: all negative. Chemistry: without lichen substances.
Note: on more or less calcareous rocks or basic siliceous rocks in humid situations, often along creeks and rivers, at relatively low elevations.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: cyanobacteria, filamentous (e.g. Nostoc, Scytonema)
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Periodically submerged (e.g. in creeks)
Poorly known taxon in need of further study
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: absent
Submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent
Predictive model
Herbarium samples
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Herbarium: Lichens (NCU:Lichens) - Determiner: Perlmutter, Gary B. & M. Schultz (2023-08-18) Collector: Perlmutter, Gary B. Number: 4471 Date: 2023-07-21 Additional Collectors: LaGreca, Scott A.; Papay, Mike J. Locality: United States, North Carolina, Chatham, Deep River State Trail, on northeast riverbank 35.6245333 -79.113196 WGS84 Habitat: Piedmont Rocky River Substrate: On exposed channel rock at 15-35 cm above waterline. - CC BY-NC 3.0 - Source: Consortium of Lichen Herbaria (2023) http//:lichenportal.org/portal/index.php. Accessed on December 18.
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Herbarium: Lichens (NCU:Lichens) - Determiner: Perlmutter, Gary B. & M. Schultz (2023-08-18) Collector: Perlmutter, Gary B. Number: 4471 Date: 2023-07-21 Additional Collectors: LaGreca, Scott A.; Papay, Mike J. Locality: United States, North Carolina, Chatham, Deep River State Trail, on northeast riverbank 35.6245333 -79.113196 WGS84 Habitat: Piedmont Rocky River Substrate: On exposed channel rock at 15-35 cm above waterline. - CC BY-NC 3.0 - Source: Consortium of Lichen Herbaria (2023) http//:lichenportal.org/portal/index.php. Accessed on December 18.
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Herbarium: Lichens (NCU:Lichens) - Determiner: Perlmutter, Gary B. & M. Schultz (2023-08-18) Collector: Perlmutter, Gary B. Number: 4471 Date: 2023-07-21 Additional Collectors: LaGreca, Scott A.; Papay, Mike J. Locality: United States, North Carolina, Chatham, Deep River State Trail, on northeast riverbank 35.6245333 -79.113196 WGS84 Habitat: Piedmont Rocky River Substrate: On exposed channel rock at 15-35 cm above waterline. - CC BY-NC 3.0 - Source: Consortium of Lichen Herbaria (2023) http//:lichenportal.org/portal/index.php. Accessed on December 18.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: cyanobacteria, filamentous (e.g. Nostoc, Scytonema)
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Periodically submerged (e.g. in creeks)
Poorly known taxon in need of further study
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: absent
Submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent
Predictive model
| Herbarium samples |
Index Fungorum
GBIF
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Herbarium: Lichens (NCU:Lichens) - Determiner: Perlmutter, Gary B. & M. Schultz (2023-08-18) Collector: Perlmutter, Gary B. Number: 4471 Date: 2023-07-21 Additional Collectors: LaGreca, Scott A.; Papay, Mike J. Locality: United States, North Carolina, Chatham, Deep River State Trail, on northeast riverbank 35.6245333 -79.113196 WGS84 Habitat: Piedmont Rocky River Substrate: On exposed channel rock at 15-35 cm above waterline. - CC BY-NC 3.0 - Source: Consortium of Lichen Herbaria (2023) http//:lichenportal.org/portal/index.php. Accessed on December 18.
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Herbarium: Lichens (NCU:Lichens) - Determiner: Perlmutter, Gary B. & M. Schultz (2023-08-18) Collector: Perlmutter, Gary B. Number: 4471 Date: 2023-07-21 Additional Collectors: LaGreca, Scott A.; Papay, Mike J. Locality: United States, North Carolina, Chatham, Deep River State Trail, on northeast riverbank 35.6245333 -79.113196 WGS84 Habitat: Piedmont Rocky River Substrate: On exposed channel rock at 15-35 cm above waterline. - CC BY-NC 3.0 - Source: Consortium of Lichen Herbaria (2023) http//:lichenportal.org/portal/index.php. Accessed on December 18.
