Rhizocarpon umbilicatum (Ramond) Flagey

Mém. Soc. Emulat. Doubs., sér. 6, 8: 98, 1894. Basionym: Lecidea umbilicata Ramond - Mém. Acad. R. Sc. Inst. France, 6: 128, 1827.
Synonyms: Diplotomma calcareum (Ach.) Flot.; Diplotomma calcareum var. reagens B. de Lesd.; Lecidea calcarea (Ach.) Schaer.; Lecidea petraea var. umbilicata (Ramond) Nyl.; Rhizocarpon calcareum (Ach.) Anzi; Rhizocarpon pseudospeireum (Th. Fr.) Lynge; Rhizocarpon umbilicatum var. reagens (B. de Lesd.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux; Siegertia calcarea (Ach.) Körb.; Siegertia pseudospeirea (Th. Fr.) V. Wirth comb. inval.; Siegertia umbilicata (Ramond) V. Wirth comb. inval.
Distribution: N - Frl (Tretiach & Hafellner 2000), Ven (Nimis 1994, Caniglia & al. 1999, Nascimbene & Caniglia 2003c, Nascimbene & Marini 2007), TAA (Ihlen 2004, Nascimbene & al. 2006, 2022, Nascimbene 2008b), Lomb, Piem (Isocrono & al. 2004), VA (Piervittori & Isocrono 1999), Emil (Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig. C - Tosc (Benesperi 2007, Tretiach & al. 2008, Pasquinelli & al. 2009, Pasquinelli & Puccini 2010), Marc (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Umb (Genovesi & Ravera 2001, Ravera & al. 2006, Panfili 2007), Laz (Nimis & Tretiach 2004), Abr (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Gheza & al. 2021), Mol (Nimis & Tretiach, 1999, 2004, Caporale & al. 2008), Sar. S - Camp (Aprile & al. 2003b, Garofalo & al. 2010), Pugl, Bas, Cal (Puntillo 1996), Si.
Description: Thallus crustose, episubstratic, thick, continuous to rimose-areolate, chalk-white, heavily pruinose, forming patches to 5 cm in diam., rarely delimited by a black prothallus. Apothecia lecideine, black, 0.5-2.2 mm across, semi-immersed in the thallus, with a flat to slightly convex, usually epruinose disc, and a thick, persistent, grey-pruinose proper margin which is often surrounded laterally by a white, finally excluded thalline layer. Exciple brown- or green-black in outermost part, paler brown or colourless within, K+ yellow, with crystals partly dissolving in K; epithecium olive-brown, with K+ yellow crystals dissolving in K; hymenium colourless, 130-180 μm high, K/I+ blue; paraphysoids conglutinated, richly branched and anastomosing, the apical cell slightly thickened; hypothecium dark brown, K-. Asci 8-spored, clavate fissitunicate, with a well-developed tholus which is K/I- in lower part and K/I+ blue at apex, without ocular chamber, Rhizocarpon-type. Ascospores submuriform, with 5-11 cells in optical view, persistently hyaline, 15-28 x 9-16 μm, surrounded by a gelatinous sheath. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: medulla K- or K+ yellow, C-, KC-, P+ orange. Chemistry: medulla with stictic acid.
Note: a mainly arctic-alpine, circumpolar species found on steeply inclined, often north-facing surfaces of calcareous, more rarely base-rich or slightly calciferous siliceous rocks; most common in the Alps, but occurring throughout the Apennines, especially along the eastern side of the Peninsula.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: very common
Subalpine belt: common
Oromediterranean belt: rather rare
Montane belt: rare
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF


P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (33935)
2001/12/10



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (24483)
2001/12/10


Gabriele Gheza; Owner: Gabriele Gheza
Italy, Lombarida, Alpi Orobie; altitude: 1850 m
2010



Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Bolzano/Bozen, Sciliar/Schlern



Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0; Owner: ITALIC - Dyades Project - Dept. of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Bolzano/Bozen, Sciliar/Schlern
2007



Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0; Owner: ITALIC - Dyades Project - Dept. of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Bolzano/Bozen, Sciliar/Schlern
2007



Pier Luigi Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 41152



Pier Luigi Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 41152



Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 37851



Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 37851



Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 37887



Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 37887



Domenico Puntillo - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy



Domenico Puntillo - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_R/Rhizocarpon_umbilicatum.htm
France, session AFL 2005 en Lozère


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_R/Rhizocarpon_umbilicatum.htm
France, session AFL 2005 en Lozère