Scytinium palmatum (Huds.) Gray

Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl., 1: 398, 1821. Basionym: Lichen palmatus Huds. - Fl. Angl., ed 2: 536, 1778.
Synonyms: Collema corniculatum Hoffm.; Collema palmatum (Huds.) Ach.; Leptogium corniculatum (Hoffm.) Minks; Leptogium palmatum (Huds.) Mont.; Obryzum corniculatum auct. ital.
Distribution: N - Ven, TAA, Lig. C - Tosc, Laz, Mol (Garofalo & al. 1999, Caporale & al. 2008), Sar (Nöske 2000). S - Camp (Garofalo & al. 1999, Catalano & al. 2016), Pugl (Garofalo & al. 1999), Bas (Ravera & al. 2019b), Cal (Puntillo 1996, Puntillo & Puntillo 2004), Si (Grillo 1998, Czeczuga & al. 1999, Grillo & Caniglia 2004, Iacolino & Ottonello 2006, Campisi & al. 2020).
Description: Thallus foliose, subgelatinous when wet, brown to olive-green, smooth to faintly longitudinally wrinkled, somehow shiny especially at the tips, loosely attached, forming loose, up to 4(-7) cm wide tufts, or growing amongst mosses. Lobes 3-8 mm broad, up to 3(-5) cm long, 50-100 µm thick, ascending to erect, subtubular, the revolute margins curling inward, especially in upper part, usually with antler-like tips. Upper and lower cortex composed of a single layer of angular cells, the layer inbetween of intertwined hyphae and loosely arranged chains of Nostoc. Apothecia very rare, lecanorine, sessile, strongly constricted at base, up to 0.8 mm across, with a brown, concave to flat, smooth disc and a thin, often wrinkled thalline margin. Proper exciple euparaplectenchymatous, 12-65 µm thick laterally; epithecium pale brown; hymenium colourless, 125-300 µm high; paraphyses coherent, mostly simple, c. 1 µm thick at mid-level, the apical cells slightly swollen; hypothecium colourless to pale yellow, 25-50 µm high. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical-clavate, the apex strongly thickened, the apical dome K/I+ pale blue, with a downwardly projecting K/I+ deep blue tubular structure. Ascospores submuriform to muriform, with 5-9 transverse septa and 1-2 longitudinal septa, hyaline, broadly ellipsoid to subfusiform, thin-walled, 30-56 x 10-20 µm. Photobiont cyanobacterial (Nostoc, the cells in long chains). Spot tests: all negative. Chemistry: without lichen substances.
Note: a mild-temperate lichen found amongst terricolous or epilithic mosses in areas with siliceous substrata, sometimes on soil; mainly Tyrrhenian in Italy.
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Substrata: soil, terricolous mosses, and plant debris
Photobiont: cyanobacteria, filamentous (e.g. Nostoc, Scytonema)
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: extremely rare
Submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Humid mediterranean belt: very rare
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF

Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Portugal: Madeira.



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (9746)
2001/11/26



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (9746)
2001/11/26


Antonio Valero; Owner: Antonio Valero
Spain; altitude: 1900 m.
Herbarium: Forum Natura Mediterraneo
2011


Nere Sorrentino


Nere Sorrentino


Giovanna Potenza
Italy, Basilicata, Ciglio


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Scytinium_palmatum.htm
France, 28/04/2011 - Cucuruzzu - Corse


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Scytinium_palmatum.htm
France, 28/04/2011 - Cucuruzzu - Corse


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Scytinium_palmatum.htm
France, 28/04/2011 - Cucuruzzu - Corse


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Scytinium_palmatum.htm
France, 28/04/2011 - Cucuruzzu - Corse


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Scytinium_palmatum.htm
France, 28/04/2011 - Cucuruzzu - Corse


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Portugal: Madeira.


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Portugal: Madeira.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
Image from: F. Schumm (2008) - Flechten Madeiras, der Kanaren und Azoren. Beck, OHG - ISBN: 978-3-00-023700-3