Solorina spongiosa (Ach.) Anzi

Solorina spongiosa (Ach.) Anzi

Lich. Lang., 2: 46, 1861. Basionym: Collema spongiosum Ach. - Lichenogr. Univ.: 661, 1810.

Synonyms: Solorina saccata var. spongiosa (Ach.) Nyl.

Distribution: N - Frl (Tretiach & Molaro 2007), Ven (Caniglia & al. 1999, Nascimbene & Caniglia 2003c, Nascimbene & Marini 2007, Brackel 2013), TAA (Nascimbene 2003, 2008b, Nascimbene & al. 2005, 2006, 2022, Brackel 2013), Lomb, Piem, VA (Piervittori & Isocrono 1999).

Description: Thallus foliose to subcrustose, poorly developed, often reduced to a continuous or lacerate, 0.5-1 mm wide collar around the apothecia, sitting on a dark layer of coralloid to nodulose, partially external cephalodia containing Nostoc, which become subgelatinous when wet. Upper surface pale grey, often white pruinose, bright green when wet; lower surface white, tomentose. Upper cortex paraplectenchymatous; medulla white; lower cortex absent. Apothecia frequent, without a thalline margin, semi-immersed, to 7 mm across, with a brown to black, urceolate disc, without a thalline margin. Epithecium brownish, hymenium and hypothecium colourless; paraphyses coherent, not anastomosing, simple, not apically thickened. Asci (2-)4-spored clavate, fissitunicate, the apex of the endoascus with a K/I+ blue ring-shaped structure, Peltigera-type. Ascospores 1-septate, constricted at septa, brown, ellipsoid, 30-55 x 18-28 μm, with a thick, ornamented wall with deep angular pits. Photobiont chlorococcoid (Coccomyxa) in the thalline rim of apothecia, and Nostoc in the cephalodia. Spot tests: upper cortex and medulla K-, C-, KC-, P-, UV-. Chemistry: without lichen substances.

Note: an arctic-alpine, circumpolar lichen found on moist calciferous soil near and above treeline, reaching the nival belt in the Alps; widespread and locally common in the Alps, especially in the alpine belt, the species should be looked for also on the highest peaks of the Central Apennines.

Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed

Substrata: soil, terricolous mosses, and plant debris

Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia (primary); cyanobacteria, filamentous (e.g. Nostoc, Scytonema) (secundary, e.g. in cephalodia)

Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: common

Subalpine belt: very rare

Oromediterranean belt: absent

Montane belt: absent

Submediterranean belt: absent

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: absent

Humid mediterranean belt: absent

Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Herbarium samples

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (33101)
2001/12/11

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[5653], Österreich, Osttirol, Glocknergruppe, Ködnitztal bei Kals, zwischen Lucknerhaus und Lucknerhütte und geringfügig weiter, ca. 2120 m, Wegböschung, TK: 9841. Leg. F. Schumm (Blam-Exkusrion) 04.09.1998, det. F. Schumm.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[5653], Österreich, Osttirol, Glocknergruppe, Ködnitztal bei Kals, zwischen Lucknerhaus und Lucknerhütte und geringfügig weiter, ca. 2120 m, Wegböschung, TK: 9841. Leg. F. Schumm (Blam-Exkusrion) 04.09.1998, det. F. Schumm.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[5653], Österreich, Osttirol, Glocknergruppe, Ködnitztal bei Kals, zwischen Lucknerhaus und Lucknerhütte und geringfügig weiter, ca. 2120 m, Wegböschung, TK: 9841. Leg. F. Schumm (Blam-Exkusrion) 04.09.1998, det. F. Schumm.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[5653], Österreich, Osttirol, Glocknergruppe, Ködnitztal bei Kals, zwischen Lucknerhaus und Lucknerhütte und geringfügig weiter, ca. 2120 m, Wegböschung, TK: 9841. Leg. F. Schumm (Blam-Exkusrion) 04.09.1998, det. F. Schumm.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[5653], Österreich, Osttirol, Glocknergruppe, Ködnitztal bei Kals, zwischen Lucknerhaus und Lucknerhütte und geringfügig weiter, ca. 2120 m, Wegböschung, TK: 9841. Leg. F. Schumm (Blam-Exkusrion) 04.09.1998, det. F. Schumm.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[5653], Österreich, Osttirol, Glocknergruppe, Ködnitztal bei Kals, zwischen Lucknerhaus und Lucknerhütte und geringfügig weiter, ca. 2120 m, Wegböschung, TK: 9841. Leg. F. Schumm (Blam-Exkusrion) 04.09.1998, det. F. Schumm.

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Solorina_spongiosa.htm

France, parmi les mousses sur rocher - 2200 m - août 2012 - Haute-Savoie

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Solorina_spongiosa.htm

France, parmi les mousses sur rocher - 2200 m - août 2012 - Haute-Savoie

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Solorina_spongiosa.htm

France, parmi les mousses sur rocher - 2200 m - août 2012 - Haute-Savoie

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Solorina_spongiosa.htm

France, parmi les mousses sur rocher - 2200 m - août 2012 - Haute-Savoie

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Solorina_spongiosa.htm

France, parmi les mousses sur rocher - 2200 m - août 2012 - Haute-Savoie

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Solorina_spongiosa.htm

France, parmi les mousses sur rocher - 2200 m - août 2012 - Haute-Savoie

Jacques Haine - Source:http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1339&lang=en

France, Mont Cenis

Jacques Haine - Source:http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1339&lang=en

France, Mont Cenis

Jacques Haine - Source:http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1339&lang=en

France, Mont Cenis

Jacques Haine - Source:http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1339&lang=en

France, Mont Cenis

Jacques Haine - Source:http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1339&lang=en

France, Mont Cenis

Jacques Haine - Source:http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1339&lang=en

France, Mont Cenis

Jacques Haine - Source:http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1339&lang=en

France, Mont Cenis

Jacques Haine - Source:http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1339&lang=en

France, Mont Cenis

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