Staurolemma omphalarioides (Anzi) P.M. Jørg. & Henssen

Staurolemma omphalarioides (Anzi) P.M. Jørg. & Henssen

Graphis Scripta, 5: 13: 1993. Basionym: Collema omphalarioides Anzi - Comm. Soc. Critt. Ital., 1: 131, 1862.

Synonyms: Lempholemma hispanicum (Samp.) Zahlbr.; Lempholemma omphalarioides (Anzi) Zahlbr.; Physma hispanicum Samp.; Physma omphalarioides (Anzi) Arnold; Staurolemma dalmaticum Körb.

Distribution: N - VG, Lig (Brunialti & al. 1999). C - Tosc, Umb (Genovesi & al. 2002, Ravera & al. 2006), Laz (Ravera 2001, 2006c, Massari & Ravera 2002, Nimis & Tretiach 2004), Abr (Recchia & al. 1993, Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Mol (Paoli & al. 2015, Caporale & Ravera 2020), Sar (Zedda 1995, 2002). S - Camp (Aprile & al. 2002, Nimis & Tretiach 2004), Pugl, Bas (Potenza & al. 2014), Cal (Puntillo 1996, Puntillo & Puntillo 2004), Si (Grillo & Caniglia 2004, 2006).

Description: Thallus small-foliose, homoiomerous, gelatinous when wet, forming up to 3 cm wide (usually less) cushions. Lobes 1-3(-4) mm wide, rounded, with ascending margins, black, up to 400 μm thick when wet, with initially subcylindrical, later globose, up to 0.2 mm wide isidioid outgrowths. Upper and lower cortex absent. Apothecia frequent, lecanorine, (0.3-)0.5-0.8 mm diam., laminal and marginal, with a dark brown to black disc and a usually pseudoisidiate-granulose thalline margin. Proper exciple thin, paraplectenchymatous, obscured by the brown, thin but persistent thalline exciple; epithecium dark brown; hymenium colourless, I+ blue only in lower part; paraphyses without visible septa, the apical cells with a hemispherical grey cap. Asci 8-spored, clavate, the wall K/I+ blue, but without amyloid apical structures. Ascospores 1-celled, colourless, subglobose to ellipsoid, thick-walled, 12-15 x 7-10 μm. Pycnidia rare, immersed. Conidia bacilliform, c. 3 x 1 μm. Photobiont cyanobacterial (Nostoc, the individual cells 4-5 μm in diam., arranged in chains). Spot tests: all negative. Chemistry: without lichen substances.

Note: a mild-temperate, Mediterranean-Atlantic lichen, only locally common, e.g. on Olea in parts of Tyrrhenian Italy. For further information see Jørgensen & Henssen (1993, with map).

Growth form: Foliose, narrow lobed

Substrata: bark

Photobiont: cyanobacteria, filamentous (e.g. Nostoc, Scytonema)

Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by isidia, or isidia-like structures (e.g. schizidia)

Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent

Subalpine belt: absent

Oromediterranean belt: absent

Montane belt: absent

Submediterranean belt: extremely rare

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: rare

Humid mediterranean belt: rather rare

Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Herbarium samples

Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB 13725

Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB 13725

Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB 13725

Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB 13725

Elena Pittao - CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB

P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB 13725

P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB 13725

Zahlbruckner A. 1926. Lichenes (Flechten). In: Engler A. (ed.): Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. 2nd ed., vol 8, W. Engelmann, Leipzig, 270 pp.

P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04

TSB 13725

P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04

TSB 13725

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S2/Staurolemma_omphalarioides.htm

France, 29/8/2017 - Coubon, sur Malus communis - alt. 660 m - Haute-Loire - (43) - leg. Arnaud Descheemacker, dét. O et D. Gonnet et Cl. Roux

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S2/Staurolemma_omphalarioides.htm

France, 29/8/2017 - Coubon, sur Malus communis - alt. 660 m - Haute-Loire - (43) - leg. Arnaud Descheemacker, dét. O et D. Gonnet et Cl. Roux

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S2/Staurolemma_omphalarioides.htm

France, 29/8/2017 - Coubon, sur Malus communis - alt. 660 m - Haute-Loire - (43) - leg. Arnaud Descheemacker, dét. O et D. Gonnet et Cl. Roux

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S2/Staurolemma_omphalarioides.htm

France, 29/8/2017 - Coubon, sur Malus communis - alt. 660 m - Haute-Loire - (43) - leg. Arnaud Descheemacker, dét. O et D. Gonnet et Cl. Roux

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S2/Staurolemma_omphalarioides.htm

France, 29/8/2017 - Coubon, sur Malus communis - alt. 660 m - Haute-Loire - (43) - leg. Arnaud Descheemacker, dét. O et D. Gonnet et Cl. Roux

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S2/Staurolemma_omphalarioides.htm

France, 29/8/2017 - Coubon, sur Malus communis - alt. 660 m - Haute-Loire - (43) - leg. Arnaud Descheemacker, dét. O et D. Gonnet et Cl. Roux

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S2/Staurolemma_omphalarioides.htm

France, 29/8/2017 - Coubon, sur Malus communis - alt. 660 m - Haute-Loire - (43) - leg. Arnaud Descheemacker, dét. O et D. Gonnet et Cl. Roux

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