Tephromela atra var. calcarea (Jatta) Clauzade & Cl. Roux

Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest, n. sér., nr. spéc. 7: 829, 1985. Basionym: Lecanora atra var. calcarea Jatta - N. Giorn. Bot. Ital., 12: 218, 1880.
Synonyms: Lecanora atra f. pachythallina Th. Fr.; Lecanora atra var. discolor Schaer.; Lecanora cypria Körb.; Tephromela atra var. cypria (Körb.) Nimis; Tephromela cypria (Körb.) Hafellner
Distribution: N - Emil (Fariselli & al. 2020). C - Tosc (Muggia & al. 2006, 2008), Marc (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Umb (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Ravera & al. 2006), Abr (Nimis & Tretiach 1999 Muggia & al. 2008), Laz (TSB 7885), Mol (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Caporale & al. 2008), Sar (Muggia & al. 2008, Rizzi & al. 2011). S - Camp (Aprile & al. 2003b, Nimis & Tretiach 2004), Pugl (Nimis & Tretiach 1999 Muggia & al. 2008, Gianfreda & Matino 2020), Bas (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Cal (Puntillo 1996), Si (Nimis & al. 1994, Ottonello & Salone 1994, Ottonello 1996, Muggia & al. 2008).
Description: Thallus crustose, chalky white, irregularly cracked to verrucose areolate, up to 4 mm thick, sometimes delimited by a dark prothallus, individual thalli usually forming more or less orbicular patches to c. 6 cm across, sometimes coalescing to cover larger areas. Cortex unpigmented, 15-30 µm thick, overlain by an epinecral layer; medulla chalky white, very thick, filled by crystals of calcium oxalates, I-. Apothecia lecanorine, black, usually constricted at base, round or irregular, 1-4 mm across, with a black, concave to flat, often shiny disc and a thick, white, often flexuose thalline margin. Proper exciple thin, colourless throughout; epithecium and hymenium violet-red, I+ blue, N+ red; paraphyses simple or sparingly branched, the apices not swollen, but with a pigmented cap; hypothecium brown. Asci 8-spored, clavate to cylindrical-clavate, the apical dome K/I+ dark blue with a pale, conical-pointed apical cushion (axial mass), the wall I-, but the thin outer gel I+ blue, Bacidia-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid, 10-15 x 5-8 µm. Pycnidia immersed, the wall green around the ostiole, otherwise colourless, the conidiogenous cells in chains. Conidia cylindrical to filiform, 12-21(-24) x 1-1.5 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: cortex: K+ yellow, C-, KC- or KC+ weakly yellow, P-; medulla K-, C-, KC-, P-, UV+ white. Chemistry: cortex with atranorin, medulla with ±α-collatolic and alectoronic acids (major or minor).
Note: on calciferous rocks wetted by rain, mostly in upland areas. Calcicolous specimens are common in Southern Italy, rarer in Northern Italy, and perhaps deserve to be treated at the rank of a forma. For further details see Muggia & al. (2008).
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: very rare
Submediterranean belt: rather rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: rather common
Humid mediterranean belt: common
Dry mediterranean belt: rather rare

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF


Pier Luigi Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Sicily, Trapani, Erice, walls of the Castle
12/2016



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (11559)
2003/03/17



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (13782)
2003/03/17



A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Erice, dintorni della città
2008.04.05



A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Erice, dintorni della città
2008.04.05



A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Erice, dintorni della città
2008.04.05



A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Erice, dintorni della città
2008.04.05



A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Erice, dintorni della città
2008.04.05



A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Erice, dintorni della città
2008.04.05


Pier Luigi Nimis
Slovenia, Sicily, Trapani, Erice, on the walls near the castle
12.2016



Pier Luigi Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Sicily, Trapani, Erice, walls of the Castle
12/2016



A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Erice, dintorni della città
2008.04.05


Joël Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=636&lang=en
France, L'Aber


Joël Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=636&lang=en
France, L'Aber


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=636&lang=en
France, Pointe de l'Armorique


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=636&lang=en
France, Pointe de l'Armorique


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=636&lang=en
France, Pointe de l'Armorique


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=636&lang=en
France, Pointe de l'Armorique


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=636&lang=en
France, Pointe de l'Armorique


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=636&lang=en
France, Pointe de l'Armorique


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=636&lang=en
France, Pointe de l'Armorique


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=636&lang=en
France, Pointe de l'Armorique


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
On limestone. SE-Europe; N-Cyprus; SW of Girne; Beşparmak Mountains; St. Hilarion Castle


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
On limestone. SE-Europe; N-Cyprus; SW of Girne; Beşparmak Mountains; St. Hilarion Castle


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
On limestone. SE-Europe; N-Cyprus; SW of Girne; Beşparmak Mountains; St. Hilarion Castle