Tephromela atra var. torulosa (Flörke) Hafellner

in Kalb & Hafellner, Herzogia, 9: 91, 1992. Basionym: Lecanora atra var. torulosa Flörke - Deutsche Lich., 7: 12, 1821.
Synonyms: Lecanora atra f. corticola Hepp; Lecanora atra var. corticola (Hepp) Egeling; Tephromela atra var. corticola (Hepp) Hafellner & Jerzer; Tephromela atra var. torulosa (Flot.) Hafellner
Distribution: N - VG, Frl (TSB 5257), Ven, TAA (Nascimbene & al. 2007b), Lomb (Gheza & al. 2023), Piem (Isocrono & al. 2004, Giordani & Malaspina 2016), Lig (Putortì & al. 1999b, Giordani & al. 2002, Giordani 2006, Giordani & Incerti 2008). C - Tosc (Tretiach & Nimis 1994, Loppi 1996, Loppi & De Dominicis 1996, Loppi & al. 1996b, 1997, 1997b, 1998, 1998b, 1999a, 2006, Loppi & Nascimbene 1998, Putortì & al. 1998, Tretiach & Ganis 1999, Muggia & al. 2006, 2008, Benesperi & al. 2007, 2013, Brunialti & Frati 2010, Benesperi 2011, Paoli & al. 2012, Nascimbene & al. 2015), Marc (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Umb (Ravera 1998, Ravera & al. 2006), Laz (Bartoli & al. 1997, Massari & Ravera 2002, Nimis & Tretiach 2004, Ravera & Genovesi 2008), Abr (Corona & al. 2016, Gheza & al. 2021), Mol (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Caporale & al. 2008, Ravera & al. 2010, Genovesi & Ravera 2014), Sar (Loi & al. 2000 Muggia & al. 2008, Rizzi & al. 2011, Di Nuzzo & al. 2022). S - Camp (Aprile & al. 2003b, 2011, Nimis & Tretiach 2004, Muggia & al. 2008, Brunialti & al. 2010, 2013, Ravera & Brunialti 2013, Catalano & al. 2016), Pugl (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Brackel 2011, Gianfreda & Matino 2020), Bas (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Potenza 2006 Muggia & al. 2008, Brackel 2011), Cal (Puntillo 1995, 1996, Incerti & Nimis 2006), Si (Ottonello & Salone 1994, Grillo & Caniglia 2004, Ottonello 1996, Liistro & Cataldo 2011).
Description: Thallus crustose, pale grey to whitish grey, smooth to irregularly cracked, rather thin, sometimes delimited by a dark prothallus, individual thalli usually forming more or less orbicular patches to c. 3 cm across. Cortex unpigmented, 10-20 µm thick, overlain by an epinecral layer; medulla white, thin, without crystals of calcium oxalates, I-. Apothecia lecanorine, black, usually constricted at base, round or irregular in outline, 1-2(-3) mm across, with a black, concave to flat, often shiny disc and a thick, white, usually smooth and regular thalline margin. Proper exciple thin, colourless throughout; epithecium and hymenium violet-red, I+ blue, N+ red; paraphyses simple or sparingly branched, c. 3 µm thick, the apical cells not swollen, but with a pigmented cap; hypothecium colourless in upper part, ochraceous brown in lower part. Asci 8-spored, clavate to cylindrical-clavate, the apical dome K/I+ dark blue with a pale, conical-pointed apical cushion (axial mass), the wall I-, but the thin outer gel I+ blue, Bacidia-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid, 10-15 x 6-8 µm. Pycnidia immersed, the wall green around the ostiole, otherwise colourless, the conidiogenous cells in chains. Conidia cylindrical to filiform, 12-21(-24) x 1-1.5 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: cortex: K+ yellow, C-, KC- or KC+ weakly yellow, P-; medulla K-, C-, KC-, P-, UV+ white. Chemistry: cortex with atranorin, medulla with ±α-collatolic and alectoronic acids (major or minor).
Note: a temperate lichen found on the bark of deciduous and evergreen broad-leaved trees. This taxon deserves further study: corticolous forms of typical T. atra are not rare, but the most common morph differs in several respects from epiphytic samples of T. atra s.str., and there is molecular evidence that two taxa are involved (see Cestaro & al. 2016). Several records of corticolous T. atra are filed here, but their attribution to this taxon needs confirmation.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Poorly known taxon in need of further study

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: rather rare
Submediterranean belt: rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: rather rare
Humid mediterranean belt: rare
Dry mediterranean belt: extremely rare

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF


P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (34314)
2001/12/24



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (13919)
2001/12/03



Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 41971


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=651&lang=en
France, Le Loc'h


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=651&lang=en
France, Le Loc'h


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=651&lang=en
France, Le Loc'h


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=651&lang=en
France, Roscanvel


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=651&lang=en
France, Lesteven


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=651&lang=en
France, Lesteven


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=651&lang=en
France, Lesteven


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=651&lang=en
France, Noirmoutier


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=651&lang=en
France, Noirmoutier


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=651&lang=en
France, Noirmoutier


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=651&lang=en
France, Le Fret


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=651&lang=en
France, Le Fret