Thalloidima sedifolium (Scop.) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S.Ekman

Taxon, 67: 897, 2018.. Basionym: Lichen sedifolius Scop. - Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 395, 1772.
Synonyms: Biatorina vesicularis (Hoffm.) Jatta; Lecidea glebosa Ach.; Lecidea subtabacina Nyl.; Lecidea vesicularis (Hoffm.) Ach.; Lichen radicatus Vill.; Patellaria vesicularis Hoffm.; Psora vesicularis (Hoffm.) Hoffm.; Thalloidima coeruleonigricans auct. non (Lightf.) Poetsch; Thalloidima coeruleonigricans var. carolitanum Bagl. ex Arnold; Thalloidima vesiculare (Hoffm.) A. Massal.; Toninia arenaria Räsänen; Toninia carolitana (Bagl. ex Arnold) Nimis & Poelt; Toninia coeruleonigricans auct. non (Lightf.) Th. Fr.; Toninia muricola B. de Lesd.; Toninia ochracea Werner?; Toninia sedifolia (Scop.) Timdal; Toninia subtabacina (Nyl.) H. Olivier; Toninia vesicularis (Hoffm.) Mong.; Verrucaria grisea Willd.
Distribution: N - VG, Frl (Tretiach 1996, Tretiach & Molaro 2007), Ven (Nascimbene & Caniglia 1997, 2003c, Caniglia & al. 1999, Nascimbene 2005c, 2008c, Nascimbene & Marini 2007, Brackel 2013, Giovagnoli & Tasinazzo 2014), TAA (De Benetti & Caniglia 1993, Nascimbene & al. 2006, 2022, Nascimbene 2008b, Muggia & Grube 2010, Spitale & Nascimbene 2012), Lomb (Valcuvia & al. 2003, Gheza 2019, Ravera & al. 2022), Piem (Clerc & al. 1999, Isocrono & al. 2004, Hafellner & al. 2004, Gheza 2020), VA (Borlandelli & al. 1996, Piervittori & Isocrono 1999, Piervittori & al. 2001), Emil (Scarpa 1993, Nimis & al. 1996, Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig (Valcuvia & al. 2000). C - Tosc (Loppi & al. 1998, 2004b, Brackel 2015), Marc (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Umb (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Ravera & al. 2006, Panfili 2007), Laz (Nimis & Tretiach 2004, Brackel 2015), Abr (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Genovesi & Ravera 2014, Caporale & al. 2016, Di Nuzzo & al. 2021, Gheza & al. 2021, Vallese & al. 2022), Mol (Garofalo & al. 1999, Caporale & al. 2008, Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Brackel 2020), Sar. S - Camp (Garofalo & al. 1999, 2010, Ricciardi & al. 2000, Aprile & al. 2002, 2003, 2003b, Nimis & Tretiach 2004, Catalano & Aprile 2008, Catalano & al. 2016), Pugl (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Durini & Medagli 2002, 2004, Gianfreda & Matino 2020), Bas (Bartoli & Puntillo 1998, Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Potenza 2006, Potenza & al. 2010), Cal (Puntillo 1996, Puntillo & Puntillo 2004, Brackel & Puntillo 2016), Si (Nimis & al. 1994, 1996b, Ottonello & Salone 1994, Ottonello & al. 1994, 2011, Ottonello 1996, Grillo 1998, Grillo & Caniglia 2004, Merlo 2004b, Brackel 2008b, Gianguzzi & al. 2009).
Description: Thallus squamulose, olivaceous green to dark brown, often partially white-pruinose, smooth or with very shallow fissures in the cortex. Squamules up to 1.5 mm broad, weakly convex to bullate, scattered to contiguous or irregularly imbricate, round or weakly lobed; lower surface pale. Upper cortex 20-60 μm thick, including an up to 20 μm thick epinecral layer, often containing crystals of calcium oxalates; algal layer continuous; medulla white, lacking crystals. Apothecia frequent, lecideine, sessile, strongly constricted at base, up to 2.5 mm across, with a black but often pruinose, more or less flat, smooth disc, and a distinct, smooth, concolorous proper margin. Proper exciple dark red-brown, sometimes with a grey rim reacting K+ and N+ violet; epithecium grey, K+, N+ violet, often with crystals; hymenium colourless, 60-70 µm high; paraphyses not conglutinated, simple or sparingly branched and anastomosing in upper part, thin-walled, the apical cell distinctly swollen and covered by a gelatinous pigment cap; hypothecium dull red-brown. Asci 8-spored, clavate, surrounded by a gelatinous I+ blue coat, with a well-developed I+ blue tholus, a I+ darker blue tube and a well-developed ocular chamber, Bacidia-type. Ascospores 1-septate, hyaline, fusiform, (11-)12-24(-30) x (2.5-)3-4 μm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus K-, C-, KC-, P-, UV-. Chemistry: thallus without lichen substances; epithecium with the Sedifolia-grey pigment.
Note: a widespread holarctic lichen with a broad altitudinal and latitudinal range, found on calciferous soil and terricolous mosses and associated with cyanobacteria or cyanobacterial lichens when young; common in dry, open grasslands throughout the country. Luxuriant specimens from upland areas, growing on epilithic mosses or in rock fissures should be checked against Th. squamatum.
Growth form: Squamulose
Substrata: soil, terricolous mosses, and plant debris
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: very rare
Subalpine belt: very rare
Oromediterranean belt: rare
Montane belt: rather common
Submediterranean belt: very common
Padanian area: extremely rare
Humid submediterranean belt: very common
Humid mediterranean belt: common
Dry mediterranean belt: common

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=221&lang=en
France, La Palue



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (3955)
2001/12/01



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[1520], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Heidenheim, in Erdspalten auf Kalkfelsen im Zwerchstubental, ca. 600 m.Leg et det. Schumm 10.08.1963



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[1520], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Heidenheim, in Erdspalten auf Kalkfelsen im Zwerchstubental, ca. 600 m.Leg et det. Schumm 10.08.1963



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[1520], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Heidenheim, in Erdspalten auf Kalkfelsen im Zwerchstubental, ca. 600 m.Leg et det. Schumm 10.08.1963



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[1520], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Heidenheim, in Erdspalten auf Kalkfelsen im Zwerchstubental, ca. 600 m.Leg et det. Schumm 10.08.1963



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[1520], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Heidenheim, in Erdspalten auf Kalkfelsen im Zwerchstubental, ca. 600 m.Leg et det. Schumm 10.08.1963



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[1520], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Heidenheim, in Erdspalten auf Kalkfelsen im Zwerchstubental, ca. 600 m.Leg et det. Schumm 10.08.1963



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[1520], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Heidenheim, in Erdspalten auf Kalkfelsen im Zwerchstubental, ca. 600 m.Leg et det. Schumm 10.08.1963



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[1520], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Heidenheim, in Erdspalten auf Kalkfelsen im Zwerchstubental, ca. 600 m.Leg et det. Schumm 10.08.1963



Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 38716



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04
TSB 3955


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_T/Textes_T2/Thalloidima_sedifolium.htm
France, sur sol calcaire - session AFL 2010 - Hérault


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=221&lang=en
France, La Palue


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=221&lang=en
France, Pointe de Kerdra


Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=221&lang=en
France, La Palue


Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=221&lang=en
France, La Palue


Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=221&lang=en
France, Lostmarc'h


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=221&lang=en
France, La Palue


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=221&lang=en
France, La Palue


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=221&lang=en
France, La Palue


Ulrich Kirschbaum
Europe: Rumania.