Thalloidima toepfferi Stein

Verh. schles. Ges. vaterl. Kultur, 60: 232, 1883.
Synonyms: Toninia toepfferi (Stein) Navás
Distribution: C - Laz, Sar. S - Cal (Puntillo 1996).
Description: Thallus squamulose, olivaceous brown to reddish brown, epruinose, somehow shiny. Squamules scattered to contiguous, up to 4 mm wide, bullate, mostly simple, never columnar, with conspicuous, white, punctiform pseudocyphellae. Upper cortex 30-70 µm thick, with a poorly developed epinecral layer; medulla white, often with crystals dissolving in K. Apothecia frequent, lecideine, rounded, sessile and strongly constricted at base, up to 4 mm across, with a black, epruinose to moderately pruinose, smooth disc, and a distinct, smooth, black proper margin, finally often convex and immarginate. Proper exciple dark grey in outer part, reddish brown within, the grey parts K+ and N+ violet; epithecium grey, K+ and N+ violet, sometimes with crystals of calcium oxalates; hymenium colourless, 60-70 µm high; paraphyses not conglutinated, simple or sparingly branched and anastomosing in upper part, thin-walled, the apical cell distinctly swollen and covered by a gelatinous pigment cap; hypothecium dark reddish brown in upper part, paler in lower part, without crystals. Asci 8-spored, clavate, surrounded by a gelatinous I+ blue coat, with a well-developed I+ blue tholus with a I+ darker blue tube and a well-developed ocular chamber, Bacidia-type. Ascospores 1-septate, hyaline, narrowly fusiform, 15-23 x 3-3.5 µm. Pycnidia dark, immersed. Conidia filiform. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus and medulla K-, C-, KC-, P-, UV-. Chemistry: thallus without lichen substances; apothecia with the Sedifolia grey-pigment.
Note: a Mediterranean-Macaronesian lichen found on soil developing from basic siliceous substrata in dry-warm regions with a mild climate, usually in very open grasslands; it is certainly rare in Italy.
Growth form: Squamulose
Substrata: soil, terricolous mosses, and plant debris
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: absent
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: extremely rare
Dry mediterranean belt: extremely rare

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF


P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04
TSB 6275



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
Image from: F. Schumm (2008) - Flechten Madeiras, der Kanaren und Azoren. Beck, OHG - ISBN: 978-3-00-023700-3



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
Image from: F. Schumm (2008) - Flechten Madeiras, der Kanaren und Azoren. Beck, OHG - ISBN: 978-3-00-023700-3



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
Image from: F. Schumm (2008) - Flechten Madeiras, der Kanaren und Azoren. Beck, OHG - ISBN: 978-3-00-023700-3



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
Image from: F. Schumm (2008) - Flechten Madeiras, der Kanaren und Azoren. Beck, OHG - ISBN: 978-3-00-023700-3


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Canary Islands


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Canary Islands


Nere Sorrentino
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Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Canary Islands


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Canary Islands


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Spain, Canary Islands


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04
TSB 6275



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04
TSB 18222



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04
TSB 18222



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04
TSB 18222



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04
TSB 18222



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04
TSB 18222


Ulrich Kirschbaum
Spain: Canary Islands: La Gomera.