Xanthocarpia ochracea (Schaer.) A. Massal. & De Not.

in Massalongo, Alcuni Gen. Lich.: 11, 1853. Basionym: Lecidea ochracea Schaer. - Naturwiss. Anz., 2: 11, 1818.
Synonyms: Blastenia ochracea (Schaer.) Trevis.; Callopisma ochraceum (Schaer.) A. Massal.; Callopisma tetrastichum (Nyl.) Walt. Watson; Caloplaca ochracea (Schaer.) Th. Fr.; Caloplaca tetrasticha (Nyl.) H. Olivier; Gyalecta tetrasticha (Nyl.) Jatta; Gyalolechia ochracea (Schaer.) Syd.; Placodium ochraceum (Schaer.) Anzi; Placodium tetrastichum (Nyl.) H. Olivier
Distribution: N - VG (Tretiach & Pecchiari 1995, Pinna & al. 1998), Frl (Pinna & al. 1998), Ven (Lazzarin 2000b, Nascimbene 2005c), TAA, Lomb (Gheza 2019b), Piem (Isocrono & al. 2004), Emil (Bouvet 2008, Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig. C - Tosc, Marc (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Umb (Panfili 2000, Ravera & al. 2006), Laz (Bartoli 1997b, Bartoli & al. 1998, Nimis & Tretiach 2004), Abr (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Caporale & al. 2016), Mol (Garofalo & al. 1999, Caporale & al. 2008, Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Sar. S - Camp (Garofalo & al. 1999, 2010, Aprile & al. 2003, 2003b, Nimis & Tretiach 2004), Pugl (Garofalo & al. 1999, Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Gianfreda & Matino 2020), Bas (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Cal (Puntillo 1996), Si (Ottonello & al. 1994, Ottonello 1996, Nimis & al. 1996b, Grillo 1998, Grillo & Caniglia 2004, Merlo 2004b, Caniglia & Grillo 2005, 2006, Grillo & al. 2009, Gianguzzi & al. 2009, Liistro & Cataldo 2011).
Description: Thallus crustose, endosubstratic to thinly episubstratic, well-delimited, smooth and continuous to minutely cracked, the surface ecorticate, forming large irregular patches sometimes delimited by a dark line, the thallus colour varying according to light exposure, from almost white in shade-forms to orange in sun-forms, usually ochraceous yellow. Apothecia frequent, 0.2-0.6(-0.8) mm across, at first urceolate and immersed, then sessile, with a flat to slightly convex, orange to dark orange disc, and a usually paler, mostly yellow-orange, persistent proper margin. Proper exciple orange-brown in outer part, colourless within, the pigmented part K+ red: epithecium orange, with granular crystals, K+ red; hymenium usually colourless, amyloid; paraphyses simple or branched in upper part, 1-2 μm thick at base, the apical cells 2-5 μm wide; hypothecium colourless, usually not amyloid. Asci 8-spored, clavate, functionally unitunicate, apically thickened with a broad internal beak, the inner part of apex and external cap I+ blue, Teloschistes-type. Ascospores apparently 3-septate at maturity (with 3 equatorial thickenings), the lumina dumbbell-shaped, the loculi connected by a wide canal, hyaline, ellipsoid, 11-19 x 5-9 μm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: apothecia and pigmented parts of thallus K+ red, C-, KC-, P-. Chemistry: thallus and apothecia with parietin (major), fallacinal, emodin, teloschistin and parietinic acid (minor), corresponding with chemosyndrome A of Søchting (1997). White thalli of shaded sites react K-.
Note: a warm-temperate species found on hard, compact limestones in sheltered situations, with optimum in the submediterranean belt; in Southern Italy it occurs in the beech belt as well, and in the Mediterranean belt it is confined to more humid-shaded situations, such as within deciduous open forests.
Growth form: Crustose endolithic
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: rather common
Submediterranean belt: common
Padanian area: extremely rare
Humid submediterranean belt: common
Humid mediterranean belt: rare
Dry mediterranean belt: extremely rare

pH of the substrata:

12345

Solar irradiation:

12345

Aridity:

12345

Eutrophication:

12345

Poleotolerance:

0123

Altitudinal distribution:

123456


Predictive model
Herbarium samples


Domenico Puntillo; Owner: Domenico Puntillo
Italy



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 8320



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst, Rocca di Monrupino (Rupingrande)
07.07.2016



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst, Rocca di Monrupino (Rupingrande)
07.07.2016



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst near Borgo Grotta Gigante
16/02/2017



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst near Borgo Grotta Gigante
16/02/2017



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst near Borgo Grotta Gigante
16/02/2017



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst near Borgo Grotta Gigante
16/02/2017



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst near Borgo Grotta Gigante
16/02/2017



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst near Borgo Grotta Gigante
16/02/2017



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst near Borgo Grotta Gigante
16/02/2017



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst near Borgo Grotta Gigante
16/02/2017



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst near Borgo Grotta Gigante
16/02/2017



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst near Borgo Grotta Gigante
16/02/2017



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[10731], Jugoslawien, Sibenik, auf sonnenbeschienen Kalkblöcken bei Jadrija. Leg. F. Schumm 24.08.1970, det. F. Schumm 1970.


Photo by Maria Zardini, Museo di Storia Naturale di Venezia CC BY-SA 4.0
Ad rupes jurassicas in montibus prov. Bellunensis.
Trevisan Lichenotheca Veneta 232


Photo by Maria Zardini, Museo di Storia Naturale di Venezia CC BY-SA 4.0
Ad rupes jurassicas in montibus prov. Bellunensis.
Trevisan Lichenotheca Veneta 232



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[10731], Jugoslawien, Sibenik, auf sonnenbeschienen Kalkblöcken bei Jadrija. Leg. F. Schumm 24.08.1970, det. F. Schumm 1970.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[10731], Jugoslawien, Sibenik, auf sonnenbeschienen Kalkblöcken bei Jadrija. Leg. F. Schumm 24.08.1970, det. F. Schumm 1970.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[10731], Jugoslawien, Sibenik, auf sonnenbeschienen Kalkblöcken bei Jadrija. Leg. F. Schumm 24.08.1970, det. F. Schumm 1970.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[10731], Jugoslawien, Sibenik, auf sonnenbeschienen Kalkblöcken bei Jadrija. Leg. F. Schumm 24.08.1970, det. F. Schumm 1970.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[10731], Jugoslawien, Sibenik, auf sonnenbeschienen Kalkblöcken bei Jadrija. Leg. F. Schumm 24.08.1970, det. F. Schumm 1970.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[10731], Jugoslawien, Sibenik, auf sonnenbeschienen Kalkblöcken bei Jadrija. Leg. F. Schumm 24.08.1970, det. F. Schumm 1970.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[10731], Jugoslawien, Sibenik, auf sonnenbeschienen Kalkblöcken bei Jadrija. Leg. F. Schumm 24.08.1970, det. F. Schumm 1970.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[10731], Jugoslawien, Sibenik, auf sonnenbeschienen Kalkblöcken bei Jadrija. Leg. F. Schumm 24.08.1970, det. F. Schumm 1970.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[10731], Jugoslawien, Sibenik, auf sonnenbeschienen Kalkblöcken bei Jadrija. Leg. F. Schumm 24.08.1970, det. F. Schumm 1970.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16456], Mallorca (Nord), Torrent de Pareis, 39.82627° N, 2.84711° E, 640 m. Leg. F. Schumm, J.-P. Frahm & M. Lüth, 17.03.2010, det. F. Schumm 2017.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16456], Mallorca (Nord), Torrent de Pareis, 39.82627° N, 2.84711° E, 640 m. Leg. F. Schumm, J.-P. Frahm & M. Lüth, 17.03.2010, det. F. Schumm 2017.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16456], Mallorca (Nord), Torrent de Pareis, 39.82627° N, 2.84711° E, 640 m. Leg. F. Schumm, J.-P. Frahm & M. Lüth, 17.03.2010, det. F. Schumm 2017.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16456], Mallorca (Nord), Torrent de Pareis, 39.82627° N, 2.84711° E, 640 m. Leg. F. Schumm, J.-P. Frahm & M. Lüth, 17.03.2010, det. F. Schumm 2017.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16456], Mallorca (Nord), Torrent de Pareis, 39.82627° N, 2.84711° E, 640 m. Leg. F. Schumm, J.-P. Frahm & M. Lüth, 17.03.2010, det. F. Schumm 2017.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16456], Mallorca (Nord), Torrent de Pareis, 39.82627° N, 2.84711° E, 640 m. Leg. F. Schumm, J.-P. Frahm & M. Lüth, 17.03.2010, det. F. Schumm 2017.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16456], Mallorca (Nord), Torrent de Pareis, 39.82627° N, 2.84711° E, 640 m. Leg. F. Schumm, J.-P. Frahm & M. Lüth, 17.03.2010, det. F. Schumm 2017.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16456], Mallorca (Nord), Torrent de Pareis, 39.82627° N, 2.84711° E, 640 m. Leg. F. Schumm, J.-P. Frahm & M. Lüth, 17.03.2010, det. F. Schumm 2017.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16456], Mallorca (Nord), Torrent de Pareis, 39.82627° N, 2.84711° E, 640 m. Leg. F. Schumm, J.-P. Frahm & M. Lüth, 17.03.2010, det. F. Schumm 2017.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16456], Mallorca (Nord), Torrent de Pareis, 39.82627° N, 2.84711° E, 640 m. Leg. F. Schumm, J.-P. Frahm & M. Lüth, 17.03.2010, det. F. Schumm 2017.


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_X/Xanthocarpia_ochracea.htm
France, Session AFL Luberon 2009 - Vaucluse


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_X/Xanthocarpia_ochracea.htm
France, Session AFL Luberon 2009 - Vaucluse


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_X/Xanthocarpia_ochracea.htm
France, 25/5/2015 - session AFL dans le Lot - Saint-Sozy


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1024&lang=en
France, Ardèche


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1024&lang=en
France, Ardèche


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1024&lang=en
France, Ardèche


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1024&lang=en
France, Ardèche


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1024&lang=en
France, Ardèche


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1024&lang=en
France, Ardèche


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1024&lang=en
France, Ardèche


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1024&lang=en
France, Ardèche


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1024&lang=en
France, Provence, Esparron


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1024&lang=en
France, Provence, Esparron


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1024&lang=en
France, Provence, Saignon


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1024&lang=en
France, Provence, Saignon