ITALIC 7.0

Sphinctrina turbinata (Pers.) Fr.:Fr.

Elenchus Fungorum, 2: 148, 1828. Basionym: Calicium turbinatum Pers. - Tent. Disp. Fung.: 59, 1797

Synonyms: Acolium stigonellum (Ach.) Gray; Calicium stigonellum Ach.; Sphinctrina gelasinata (With.) Zahlbr. nom.inval.; Sphinctrina turbinata (Pers.) De Not.

Distribution: N - Ven (Nascimbene & Marini 2010, Brackel 2016), Lomb (Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Brackel 2016), Piem (Puntillo & Puntillo 2009), Emil (Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Brackel 2016), Lig (Watson 2014). C - Tosc (Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Brackel 2016), Umb (Ravera & al. 2011, Brackel 2016), Laz (Ravera 2001, 2002, Massari & Ravera 2002, Brackel 2016), Abr (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Corona & al. 2016, Brackel 2016), Mol (Caporale & al. 2008, Brackel 2016, 2020), Sar (Rizzi & al. 2011, Cossu 2013, Brackel 2016, Brackel & Berger 2019, Di Nuzzo & al. 2022). S - Camp (Aprile & al. 2003b, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Garofalo & al. 2010, Brackel 2016, 2021), Pugl (Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Brackel 2016), Bas (Potenza 2006, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Potenza & Fascetti 2012, Brackel 2016), Cal (Puntillo 1994, 1995, 1996, Puntillo & Puntillo 2004, 2009, Brackel & Puntillo 2016, Brackel 2016), Si (Nimis & al. 1994, Grillo & Cristaudo 1995, Caniglia & Grillo 2006b, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Ottonello & al. 2011, Brackel 2016).

Description: Thallus not evident, not lichenized. Apothecia short-stalked to subsessile, 0.16-0.3 mm high. Stalk dark to pale brown, more rarely black, of periclinally arranged, red hyphae with strongly gelatinized walls, pale in inner part, reddish in outermost part, which is sometimes overlain by a thick gelatinous coat. Capitulum spherical to slightly irregular, 0.2-0.4 mm across, shiny black or dark brown. Exciple well-developed, dark ruby red in section, not sclerotized, consisting of more or less periclinally arranged hyphae, the surface slightly sclerotized in upper part, hyaline and gelatinose in lower part; mazaedium well-developed, black. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical, formed singly from ascogenous hyphae with croziers, with a single, functional wall layer, K/I-, disintegrating at a rather late stage, with uniseriately arranged spores. Ascospores 1-celled, subglobose, dark brown, 5-7.5 x 4.5-7 µm, with an ornamentation of minute pores (resembling small warts under the optical microscope), and a few irregular cracks. Photobiont absent. Spot tests: K-, C-, KC-, P-, except the reddish parts of the ascomata, which react K+ violet red. Chemistry: without lichen substances.

Note: mostly on Pertusaria pertusa in humid beech forests, much more rarely on saxicolous Pertusaria-species. Widespread throughout the country, with optimum in the montane belt.

Growth form: Lichenicolous fungus

Substrata: bark

Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)

paras Pertusaria spp.

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent

Subalpine belt: absent

Oromediterranean belt: absent

Montane belt: rather rare

Submediterranean belt: very rare

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: rare

Humid mediterranean belt: extremely rare

Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Herbarium samples

Index Fungorum GBIF

Domenico Puntillo - CC BY-SA 4.0

Italia. Calabria. Sila Piccola. Cocciolo (Cotronei, KC), m. 1108 leg. D. Puntillo 28/08/2021, su Quercus cerris, CLU Nr. 17979

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (13077)
2003/03/17
on the thallus of the host, Pertusaria leioplaca

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (2855)
2003/03/17

Zahlbruckner A. 1926. Lichenes (Flechten). In: Engler A. (ed.): Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. 2nd ed., vol 8, W. Engelmann, Leipzig, 270 pp.

Domenico Puntillo - CC BY-SA 4.0

Italia. Calabria. Sila Piccola. Cocciolo (Cotronei, KC), m. 1108 leg. D. Puntillo 28/08/2021, su Quercus cerris, CLU Nr. 17979

D. Puntillo CC BY-SA 04

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S2/Sphinctrina_turbinata.htm

France, 24/03/2014 - île de Cavallo, Bonifacio - Corse - (20) - dét. D. et O. Gonnet, confirmée par Alain Gardiennet le 14/06/2014

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S2/Sphinctrina_turbinata.htm

France, 24/03/2014 - île de Cavallo, Bonifacio - Corse - (20) - dét. D. et O. Gonnet, confirmée par Alain Gardiennet le 14/06/2014

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S2/Sphinctrina_turbinata.htm

France, 24/03/2014 - île de Cavallo, Bonifacio - Corse - (20) - dét. D. et O. Gonnet, confirmée par Alain Gardiennet le 14/06/2014

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S2/Sphinctrina_turbinata.htm

France, 24/03/2014 - île de Cavallo, Bonifacio - Corse - (20) - dét. D. et O. Gonnet, confirmée par Alain Gardiennet le 14/06/2014