Spilonema revertens Nyl.

Flora, 48: 601, 1865
Synonyms: Asirosiphon densatulum Nyl.; Ephebe kerneri Zukal; Spilonema subsimile Nyl.
Distribution:
Description: Thallus minutely filamentous, blackish, forming convex, up to 1.5 cm wide and to 6 mm high pillows. Filaments stiff, densely interwoven, erect, up to 6 mm long and to 60 µm thick, branched perpendicularly to the main axis, with blue-green rhizohyphae in the lower 2/3, consisting of 1- or 2-seriate cyanobacterial trichomes surrounded by a gelatinous sheath permeated (except at the tips of filaments) with a network of hyphae; outer hyphae giving rise to thinner hyphae which penetrate among the cyanobacterial cells. Apothecia rather rare, biatorine, up to 0.5 mm across, immersed in the thallus, formed laterally on the filaments, with a convex disc, immarginate. Proper exciple thin, of radially arranged hyphae; hymenium 45-55 µm high, pale violet in upper part, I+ blue; paraphyses thick, branched; hypothecium more or less dark violet, paraplectenchymatous. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical, thick-walled, with a K/I+ blue apical thickening. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid, 7-10 x 3-4 µm, often poorly developed. Pycnidia immersed, wart-like, black, up to 0.2 mm across, the wall green-black, N+ red, the conidiogenous cells short, catenate. Conidia acrogenous and pleurogenous, simple, hyaline, short-bacilliform, 2-3 x c. 1 µm. Photobiont cyanobacterial (Stigonema). Spot tests: all negative. Chemistry: without lichen substances.
Note: on damp siliceous rocks along streams, near waterfalls or along seepage tracks; widespread in the Holarctic region, generally not common, but perhaps undercollected and more widespread in the Alps; to be looked for in Italy.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: cyanobacteria, filamentous (e.g. Nostoc, Scytonema)
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
On otherwise dry surfaces with short periods of water seepage after rain

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Predictive model
Index Fungorum GBIF

Manuel Gil
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife



Curtis Randall Björk – CC BY-SA 4.0
Clearwater Valley, BC, First Canyon Uplands Date: 2011-05-05 On cliffs of pillow basalt on south-facing slope, dry, lightly forested


Manuel Gil
Spain, Canary Islands, Lanzarote


Manuel Gil
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S/Spilonema_revertens.htm
France, stage micro de nov. 2015 - Saint-Prejet-Armandon - Haute-Loire


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S/Spilonema_revertens.htm
France, stage micro de nov. 2015 - Saint-Prejet-Armandon - Haute-Loire


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S/Spilonema_revertens.htm
France, stage micro de nov. 2015 - Saint-Prejet-Armandon - Haute-Loire


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S/Spilonema_revertens.htm
France, stage micro de nov. 2015 - Saint-Prejet-Armandon - Haute-Loire


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S/Spilonema_revertens.htm
France, stage micro de nov. 2015 - Saint-Prejet-Armandon - Haute-Loire