Chaenotheca ferruginea (Sm.) Mig.

Chaenotheca ferruginea (Sm.) Mig.

Kryptogamenfl. Deutschl., Deutsch-Österr., Schweiz, 4, Flechten, 2: 479, 1931. Basionym: Calicium ferrugineum Turner ex Sm. in Smith & Sowerby - Engl. Bot., 35: 2473, 1812.

Synonyms: Calicium melanophaeum Ach.; Calicium roscidum (Ach.) Flörke var. pinastri Ach.; Chaenotheca melanophaea (Ach.) Zwackh; Cyphelium melanophaeum (Ach.) Körb.; Cyphelium melanophaeum var. ferrugineum (Sm.) A. Massal.; Cyphelium melanophaeum var. vulgare (Schaer.) Körb.

Distribution: N - VG (Carvalho 1997), Frl (Puntillo & Puntillo 2009), Ven (Nascimbene & Caniglia 2000, Nascimbene 2005c, 2008c, Nascimbene & al. 2006e, 2013b, Nascimbene & Marini 2007), TAA (Nascimbene 2005b, 2006c, 2008b, 2013, 2014, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Nascimbene & al. 2007b, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2022, Nascimbene & Marini 2015, Nimis & al. 2015, Trindade & al. 2021), Lomb (Dalle Vedove & al. 2004, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009), Piem (Isocrono & al. 2004, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009), Emil (Brunialti & al. 2001, Tretiach & al. 2008), VA (Puntillo & Puntillo 2018), Lig (Puntillo & Puntillo 2009). C - Tosc (Loppi & Putortì 1995b, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009), Umb (Genovesi & al. 2001, Ravera & al. 2006, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009), Laz (Ravera 2001, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009), Sar (Rizzi & al. 2011, Di Nuzzo & al. 2022). S - Bas (Puntillo & al. 2012), Cal (Puntillo 1994, 1996, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009).

Description: Thallus crustose, ecorticate, granular-verrucose, sometimes patchily sorediate, pale whitish grey to pale green, often with yellow-orange to rusty red patches which may extend over most of the thallus, rarely immersed and inconspicuous. Apothecia rather frequent, on long stalks, pin-like, 0.4-2 mm tall, 5-15 times as long as width of stalk; stalk 70-150 µm diam., shiny, black, epruinose; capitulum broadly to narrowly obconical. True exciple well-developed, epruinose. Mazaedium pale to dark brown, often with a yellow tinge. Asci formed in chains, disintegrating early, producing a mass of spores (mazaedium) which accumulates on the surface of the apothecia. Ascospores 1-celled, dark brown, uni- to biseriate, globose, 5.5-7.5 μm diam., thick-walled, coarsely and irregularly fissured at maturity. Spot tests: thallus K-, C-, KC, P-, except the pigmented parts, which react K+ deep red; ascospore mass with a yellowish, K+ red pigment. Chemistry: a quinoid pigment.

Note: a cool-temperate to boreal-montane, circumboreal species found on acid bark, especially of very old oaks, Castanea and conifers, on faces protected from rain, sometimes on decorticated stumps and even charred wood, reported as tolerant of air pollution and expanding in northern Europe, but rare and bound to natural habitats throughout Italy.

Growth form: Crustose

Substrata: bark

Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Subcontinental: restricted to areas with a dry-subcontinental climate (e.g. dry Alpine valleys, parts of Mediterranean Italy)

In underhangs rarely wetted by rain

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent

Subalpine belt: absent

Oromediterranean belt: absent

Montane belt: extremely rare

Submediterranean belt: extremely rare

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: very rare

Humid mediterranean belt: absent

Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Herbarium samples

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[4540], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, an Picea excelsior beim Wasserfall, ca. 360 m. Leg. Schumm 23.05.1993

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (11503)
2001/12/05

Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu

Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php (Courtesy: Anita Stridvall)

Juri Nascimbene – CC BY-SA 4.0; Owner: Department of ùLife Sciences, University of Trieste

Paneveggio, Trentino, Italy

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (34867)
2002/02/17

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[4540], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, an Picea excelsior beim Wasserfall, ca. 360 m. Leg. Schumm 23.05.1993

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[4540], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, an Picea excelsa beim Wasserfall, ca. 360 m. Leg. Schumm 23.05.1993

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[4540], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, an Picea excelsa beim Wasserfall, ca. 360 m. Leg. Schumm 23.05.1993

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[4540], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, an Picea excelsa beim Wasserfall, ca. 360 m. Leg. Schumm 23.05.1993

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[4540], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, an Picea excelsa beim Wasserfall, ca. 360 m. Leg. Schumm 23.05.1993

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[4540], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, an Picea excelsa beim Wasserfall, ca. 360 m. Leg. Schumm 23.05.1993

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[4540], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, an Picea excelsa beim Wasserfall, ca. 360 m. Leg. Schumm 23.05.1993

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[4540], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, an Picea excelsa beim Wasserfall, ca. 360 m. Leg. Schumm 23.05.1993

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[4540], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, an Picea excelsa beim Wasserfall, ca. 360 m. Leg. Schumm 23.05.1993

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[4540], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, an Picea excelsa beim Wasserfall, ca. 360 m. Leg. Schumm 23.05.1993

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/

Courtesy: Anita Stridvall

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/

Courtesy: Anita Stridvall

Domenico Puntillo - CC BY-SA 4.0

Italy

Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB 37227

Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB 37227

Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB 37228

Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB 41903

Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB 41905

Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB 41905

Domenico Puntillo CC BY-SA 4.0

Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/

Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/

Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/

Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/

Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/

Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/

Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/

Jacquesa Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=497&lang=en

France, Argonne

Jacquesa Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=497&lang=en

France, Argonne

Jacquesa Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=497&lang=en

Wallonie

Jacquesa Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=497&lang=en

Wallonie

Jacquesa Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=497&lang=en

Jacquesa Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=497&lang=en

Jacquesa Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=497&lang=en

Jacquesa Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=497&lang=en

Jacquesa Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=497&lang=en

Jacquesa Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=497&lang=en

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