Thelotrema lepadinum (Ach.) Ach.

Meth. Lich.: 132, 1803. Basionym: Lichen lepadinus Ach. - Lichenogr. Suec. Prodr.: 30, 1799.
Synonyms: Volvaria lepadina (Ach.) A. Massal.
Distribution: N - Frl (Tretiach 1993), Ven (Thor & Nascimbene 2007), TAA (Nascimbene & al. 2007b, 2022), Lomb, Piem, Emil (Fariselli & al. 2020). C - Tosc, Marc, Sar (Tretiach 1993, Zedda 2002, 2002b, Cossu 2013). S - Camp (Puntillo & al. 2000, Aprile & al. 2003b, Nimis & Tretiach 2004, Garofalo & al. 2010, Puntillo & Puntillo 2011, Etayo & Puntillo 2011), Cal (Tretiach 1993, Puntillo 1995, 1996), Si (Tretiach 1993, Nimis & al. 1994).
Description: Thallus crustose, smooth to rugose, whitish, pale grey or cream-coloured, usually rather thin, mainly continuous. Medulla white, densely packed with crystals of calcium oxalates. Apothecia usually numerous, evenly distributed, deeply immersed in prominent, conical thalline warts which are 1-2 mm diam. at the base, and have an open, 0.2-0.5 mm wide, crater-like summit, the rim usually incurved, with a whitish membrane at the bottom which disrupts at maturity, leaving small, white fragments in the center of the blackish apothecial disc surrounded by a prominent, black proper margin which is usually free from the thalline margin. Proper exciple visible from above as an internal ring, of densely conglutinated, short-celled hyphae; epithecium brownish; hymenium colourless, up to 200 µm high, non-amyloid; paraphyses slender, thread, like, mostly simple, periphysoids present, lining the upper inner surface of the exciple; hypothecium colourless. Asci 4(-8)-spored, subcylindrical, with a single functional wall layer, abruptly thickened at apex, K/I-. Ascospores muriform, with 10-19 transverse and 1-5 longitudinal septa, hyaline, fusiform, (30-)60-130(-150) x (10-)15-25(-33) µm, I- or I+ weakly purplish. Photobiont trentepohlioid. Spot tests: K-, C-, KC-, P-, UV-. Chemistry: without lichen substances.
Note: a mild-temperate lichen found on the bark of Fagus and Abies, more rarely of other broad-leaved trees in humid montane forests with frequent fog or near rivers, exceptionally occurring in evergreen Mediterranean, coastal-humid forests. It is included in the Italian red list of epiphytic lichens as “Near-threatened” (Nascimbene & al. 2013c).
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: very rare
Submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Humid mediterranean belt: extremely rare
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF


Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[2626], Germany, Rheinland-Pfalz, Kreis Kaiserslautern, Pfälzer Wald, Karlstal südwestlich von Trippstadt, 300-350 m, Buntsandsteingebiet, Schluchtwald (Luzulo-Fagetum), an Quercus, TK 6612. Leg. Schumm & Lauer 10.06.1978, det. Schumm.



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (14927)
2001/12/03


Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu


Harry Taylor; Owner: Natural History Museum London



Domenico Puntillo; Owner: Domenico Puntillo
Italy


Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php (Courtesy: Anita Stridvall)



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[2626], Germany, Rheinland-Pfalz, Kreis Kaiserslautern, Pfälzer Wald, Karlstal südwestlich von Trippstadt, 300-350 m, Buntsandsteingebiet, Schluchtwald (Luzulo-Fagetum), an Quercus, TK 6612. Leg. Schumm & Lauer 10.06.1978, det. Schumm.



Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 41845


Zahlbruckner A. 1926. Lichenes (Flechten). In: Engler A. (ed.): Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. 2nd ed., vol 8, W. Engelmann, Leipzig, 270 pp.



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04
TSB 43705



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04
TSB 43705


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_T/Thelotrema_lepadinum.htm
France, sur écorce de chêne - session AFL 2007 - Finistère


Joël Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=434&lang=en
France, Cranou
on bark


Joël Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=434&lang=en
France, Cranou
on bark


Joël Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=434&lang=en
France, Cranou
on bark


Joël Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=434&lang=en
France, Cranou
on bark


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=434&lang=en
France, Cranou
on bark


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=434&lang=en
France, Cranou
on bark


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=434&lang=en
France, Cranou
on bark


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=434&lang=en
France, Cranou
on bark


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=434&lang=en
Belgium, Couvin
on bark


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=434&lang=en
Belgium, Couvin
on bark


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=434&lang=en
Belgium, Couvin
on bark


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=434&lang=en
Belgium, Couvin
on bark


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=434&lang=en
Belgium, Couvin
on bark


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=434&lang=en
Belgium, Couvin
on bark


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=434&lang=en
Belgium, Couvin
on bark


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=434&lang=en
Belgium, Couvin
on bark


Ulrich Kirschbaum
Portugal: Madeira.