ITALIC 7.0

Endocarpon pallidum Ach.

Lichenogr. Univ., 301, 1810.

Synonyms: Dermatocarpon pallidum (Ach.) Mudd; Verrucaria pallida (Ach.) Nyl.

Distribution: N - VG (Castello 2002, Martellos & Castello 2004), Frl (TSB 5207), TAA, Lomb, Piem, Lig. C - Sar. S - Si (Caniglia & Grillo 2001, 2006, Grillo & Caniglia 2004).

Description: Thallus squamulose, heteromerous, pale greenish grey to pale brown when dry, green when wet, smooth, dull. Squamules (0.5)1-2(-4) mm broad, 0.2-0.3 μm thick, rounded to irregularly lobed, flattened, smooth, contiguous, usually not imbricate, with an often slightly up-turned margin. Lower surface whitish to pale brown, with a few bundles of hyaline, c. 2.5 μm thick rhizohyphae. Upper cortex pseudoparenchymatous; lower cortex absent; medulla white, of loosely interwoven hyphae. Perithecia frequent, globose to broadly pyriform, without involucrellum, fully immersed, to 0.4 mm diam., the apex concolorous with thallus or darker. Exciple brown to black throughout, c. 30 μm thick; paraphyses absent, substituted by periphyses; hymenium colourless, I+ brown-red; hymenial algae ellipsoid to globose, 3-5 μm diam. Asci 2-spored, clavate to cylindrical-clavate, bi- and fissitunicate, thin-walled, the wall non-amyloid. Ascospores muriform, at first hyaline, then turning brown, ellipsoid, 28-40(-50) x 11-16(-19) μm, the apical spore smaller. Pycnidia black, immersed, inconspicuous. Conidia crescent-shaped, hyaline, 3-5 x <1 μm. Photobiont chlorococcoid (Diplosphaera), present in both thallus and hymenium. Spot tests: cortex and medulla K-, C-, KC-, P-, UV-. Chemistry: without lichen substances.

Note: a mainly southern lichen found in open, dry, calcareous grasslands. Several Italian records require re-confirmation: the epithet pallidum was often used in the past to designate E. adscendens.

Growth form: Squamulose

Substrata: soil, terricolous mosses, and plant debris

Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Subcontinental: restricted to areas with a dry-subcontinental climate (e.g. dry Alpine valleys, parts of Mediterranean Italy)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent

Subalpine belt: absent

Oromediterranean belt: absent

Montane belt: absent

Submediterranean belt: rather rare

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: rare

Humid mediterranean belt: very rare

Dry mediterranean belt: rare

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Herbarium samples

Index Fungorum GBIF

P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB 2996

S. Martellos; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Carso triestino, Val Rosandra; altitude: 250 m..
Herbarium: TSB (7835)
2007/03/08
Undersurface of a squamule