Tephromela grumosa (Pers.) Hafellner & Cl. Roux

in Clauzade & Roux, Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest, n. sér., nr. spéc. 7: 829, 1985. Basionym: Lichen grumosus Pers. - Ann. Bot. (Usteri), 8: 36, 1795.
Synonyms: Lecanora atra var. grumosa (Pers.) Ach.; Lecanora grumosa (Pers.) Röhl.
Distribution: N - TAA (Dalla Torre & Sarnthein 1902), VA (Piervittori & Isocrono 1999), Emil (Fariselli & al. 2020). C - Tosc (Tretiach 2002, 2004, Muggia & al. 2006, 2008), Sar (Muggia & al. 2008). S - Si (Muggia & al. 2008).
Description: Thallus crustose, episubstratic, rather thick, rimose-areolate, forming up to 10-15 cm wide patches, sometimes delimited by a blue-black prothallus, the areoles 2-5 mm in diam., convex, the central ones completely covered in granular, 50-100 µm thick, dark blue grey soredia fading to grey or greenish when old; marginal areoles often devoid of soredia. Apothecia usually absent, lecanorine, 0.5-1.8 mm across, with a dark grey to black disc and a sorediate thalline margin. Proper exciple thin, colourless throughout; epithecium and hymenium violet-red, I+ blue, N+ red; hymenium almost completely reddish-violet; paraphyses simple to sparingly branched c. 3 µm thick, not widened at apex; hypothecium colourless. Asci 8-spored, clavate to cylindrical-clavate, the apical dome K/I+ dark blue with a pale, conical-pointed apical cushion (axial mass), the wall I-, but the thin outer gel I+ blue, Bacidia-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid, 10-14 x 7-8 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus and soredia K+ yellow, C-, KC-, P-, UV-; soredia N+ red. Chemistry: atranorin (major), protolichesterinic acid (minor), sometimes collatolic acid (traces).
Note: a mainly cool-temperate lichen found on steeply inclined surfaces of acidic siliceous rocks. Earlier records from Marche and Sicily reported by Nimis (1993: 683), being dubious, are not accepted here.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: very rare
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF


P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (15507)
2001/12/27



Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 37074



P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (38934)
2008.03.06


Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php (Courtesy: Anita Stridvall)


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_T/Tephromela_grumosa.htm
France, session AFL Luberon 2009 - Vaucluse


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_T/Tephromela_grumosa.htm
France, session AFL Luberon 2009 - Vaucluse


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=445&lang=en
France, Commana
fertile


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=445&lang=en
France, Commana
fertile


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=445&lang=en
France, Commana
fertile


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=445&lang=en
France, Commana
fertile


Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=445&lang=en
France, Roc'h Trédudon


Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=445&lang=en
France, Roc'h Trédudon


Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=445&lang=en
France, Roc'h Trédudon