ITALIC 8.0

Endocarpon simplicatum (Nyl.) Nyl.

in Hue, Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens,. 6: 104, 1888.. Basionym: Verrucaria simplicata Nyl. - Flora, Regensburg, 67: 390, 1884.

Synonyms:

Distribution: S - Si (CLU 10478).

Description: Thallus squamulose, heteromerous, the squamules pale to dark brown, scattered or contiguous, 1.5-6(-8) mm wide, 0.15-0.4 mm thick, rounded to deeply lobate, flat and fully adnate or concave with upturned, often undulate, slightly thickened and black-rimmed margins; lower surface brown-black, attached by conspicuous, up to 10 mm long, black, branched rhizines, without rhizohyphae. Upper cortex 30-50 µm thick, of angular, isodiametrical or anticlinally slightly elongated cells, overlain by a 10-30 µm thick epinecral layer; medulla white, of interwoven hyphae; algal layer c. 50-80 µm thick, the algal cells arranged in vertical columns; lower cortex paraplectenchymatous, brown-black, 25-40(-50) µm thick. Perithecia black, broadly pyriform, immersed, up to 0.4 mm across (in section). Exciple black, often paler near the ostiole; paraphyses absent, substituted by 40-70 µm long periphyses; hymenium colourless, I+ brown-red; hymenial algae globose, 3-4 μm wide or ellipsoid and up to 5 x 3 μm. Asci 1-spored, clavate to cylindrical-clavate, bi- and fissitunicate, thin-walled, the wall non-amyloid. Ascospores muriform, yellowish brown to brown, elongate-ellipsoid or narrowly clavate, (47-)65-90(-110) x 23-36 µm. Pycnidia black, immersed, up to 0.2 mm across. Conidia hyaline, bacilliform, 3-4.5 x c. 0.8 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid (probably Diplosphaera), present in both thallus and hymenium. Spot tests: cortex and medulla K-, C-, KC-, P-, UV-. Chemistry: without lichen substances.

Note: a widespread terricolous species also known from the Southern Hemisphere, growing on clay soils in opening of Mediterranean garrigue vegetation. Probably more widespread in Mediterranean Italy.

Growth form: Squamulose

Substrata: soil, terricolous mosses, and plant debris

Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent

Subalpine belt: absent

Oromediterranean belt: absent

Montane belt: absent

Submediterranean belt: very rare

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: absent

Humid mediterranean belt: very rare

Dry mediterranean belt: extremely rare

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Herbarium samples

Index Fungorum GBIF

André Aptroot - Source: http://www.tropicallichens.net/2000.html

André Aptroot - Source: http://www.tropicallichens.net/2000.html