Hypotrachyna minarum (Vain.) Krog & Swinscow

Hypotrachyna minarum (Vain.) Krog & Swinscow

Lichenologist, 19: 420, 1987. Basionym: Parmelia minarum Vain. - Acta Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 7, 1: 48, 1890.

Synonyms: Parmelia scortella auct. non Nyl.; Parmelinopsis minarum (Vain.) Elix & Hale

Distribution: N - TAA (Nascimbene 2006c, Nascimbene & al. 2007b, Masson 2005), Lig (Masson 2005). C - Marc (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Abr (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Corona & al. 2016).

Description: Thallus foliose, heteromerous, dorsiventral, rather loosely appressed, forming up to 8 cm wide, irregular, more or less compact rosettes. Lobes irregularly branched with rounded axils, elongate, contiguous to imbricate, (0.5-)1-3(-5) mm wide, with truncate to subrotund, crenulate tips, apparently with to 0.7 mm long, black marginal cilia (actually projecting rhizines). Upper surface pale ash-grey, sometimes slightly glaucescent, rarely browned at margins, smooth, emaculate, rather shiny; isidia dark grey, simple to branched-coralloid, eciliate or rarely with very short, black cilia visible only at high magnification, sometimes apically browned. Lower surface black in central parts, brown at margins, slightly shiny, with simple to irregularly branched, black rhizines which often project beyond lobe margins. Upper cortex of tightly packed, anticlinally oriented hyphae, with a pored epicortex, the cell walls with isolichenan; medulla white or rarely pale yellow; algal layer continuous; lower cortex brown, of anticlinally oriented hyphae. Apothecia very rare, lecanorine, 1-5 mm across, with a dark brown disc and an isidiate thalline margin. Epithecium brownish; hymenium and hypothecium colourless. Asci 8-spored, clavate, Lecanora-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid, 10-17 x (5-)8-10 µm. Pycnidia rare, laminal, immersed. Conidia cylindrical. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: upper cortex K+ yellow; C-, KC-, P-; medulla K- or K+ pink, C+ pink, KC+ pink, P-, UV-. Chemistry: upper cortex with atranorin and chloroatranorin; medulla with gyrophoric acid (major), 5-O-methylhiascic, lecanoric and umbilicaric acids (minor), 4,5-di-O-methylhiascic and 2,4,5-tri-O-methylhiascic acids (trace).

Note: a mainly tropical species, also occurring in Western Europe and in the most humid parts of the Alps, on trees, more rarely on mossy siliceous rocks in old, humid forests. See also note on H. horrescens.

Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed

Substrata: bark

Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)

Restricted to humid-warm, oceanic areas

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent

Subalpine belt: absent

Oromediterranean belt: absent

Montane belt: extremely rare

Submediterranean belt: extremely rare

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: absent

Humid mediterranean belt: extremely rare

Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

Image from: F. Schumm (2008) - Flechten Madeiras, der Kanaren und Azoren. Beck, OHG - ISBN: 978-3-00-023700-3

Harry Taylor; Owner: Natural History Museum London

Detail

André Aptroot; Owner: André Aptroot - Source: http://www.tropicallichens.net/ - Licence: CC BY-SA-NC

Taiwan

Laurens Sparrius; Owner: Laurens Sparrius - Source: http://www.tropicallichens.net/ - Licence: CC BY-SA-NC

Thailand, Chiang Mai

Laurens Sparrius; Owner: Laurens Sparrius - Source: http://www.tropicallichens.net/ - Licence: CC BY-SA-NC

Taiwan

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[11238], Portugal, Azoren, Sao Miguel: Zwischen Capelas und Ponta Delgada bei S. Vicente Ferreira, 37°48.510' N, 25°40.418' W, 220 m, an Lavamauern. Leg. Schumm 06.06.2003, det. Schumm 12.2003.

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[11238], Portugal, Azoren, Sao Miguel: Zwischen Capelas und Ponta Delgada bei S. Vicente Ferreira, 37°48.510' N, 25°40.418' W, 220 m, an Lavamauern. Leg. Schumm 06.06.2003, det. Schumm 12.2003.

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1358&lang=en

France, Le Loc'h

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1358&lang=en

France, Le Loc'h

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1358&lang=en

France, Le Loc'h

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1358&lang=en

France, Le Loc'h

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1358&lang=en

France, Landevennec

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1358&lang=en

France, Landevennec

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1358&lang=en

France, Landevennec

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1358&lang=en

France, Landevennec

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1358&lang=en

France, Bodogat

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1358&lang=en

France, Bodogat

Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1358&lang=en

France, Landevennec

Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1358&lang=en

France, Landevennec

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[ABL27886], Brazil, Santa Catarina, São Francisco do Sul, Parque Estadual do Acaraí. 26°17'20'' S, 48°32'35'' W, 10 m. In restinga vegetation on tree. Leg. M. Cáceres & A. Aptroot (no 27886), 7 October 2015, det. A. Aptroot 2015.

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[ABL27886], Brazil, Santa Catarina, São Francisco do Sul, Parque Estadual do Acaraí. 26°17'20'' S, 48°32'35'' W, 10 m. In restinga vegetation on tree. Leg. M. Cáceres & A. Aptroot (no 27886), 7 October 2015, det. A. Aptroot 2015.

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[ABL27886], Brazil, Santa Catarina, São Francisco do Sul, Parque Estadual do Acaraí. 26°17'20'' S, 48°32'35'' W, 10 m. In restinga vegetation on tree. Leg. M. Cáceres & A. Aptroot (no 27886), 7 October 2015, det. A. Aptroot 2015.

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