Umbilicaria brigantium Zschacke

Verh. bot. Ver. Prov. Brandenburg, 69: 14, 1927.
Synonyms: Lasallia brigantium (Zschacke) Llano
Distribution: C - Tosc, Sar (Nöske 2000). S - Cal (Lich. Ital. Exs. 33: Isocrono & al. 2019).
Description: Thallus foliose-umbilicate, heteromerous, dorsiventral, usually monophyllous, 190-300 μm thick, 2-8 cm wide, attached by a stout, central holdfast. Upper surface grey to white, with numerous, conspicuous, convex, circular to oval pustules, the central parts echinate-areolate, the margins becoming more or less eroded; isidia scarce, marginal or laminal, black, irregularly branched but not coralloid. Lower surface creamy grey or brown, blackish around the umbilicus, smooth or slightly areolate, erhizinate. Upper cortex 30-40 μm thick, paraplectenchymatous, with a layer or dark-walled cells close to the photobiont layer; epicortex discontinuous, of hyaline, large, thin-walled hyphae; medulla composed of an up to 25 μm thick upper, arachnoid layer with hyphae encrusted with crystals, and a lower layer of thick-walled hyphae; lower cortex of periclinally arranged, thin-walled hyphae, up to 30 μm thick, with a layer of slightly darkened cells. Apothecia common, 1-2.5(-3) mm across, stipitate, with a black, flat, smooth disc and a persistent, smooth, corticate proper margin. Proper exciple 30-50 μm thick, persistent, dark in outer rim, colourless within, paraplectenchymatous, composed of mesodermatous or pachydermatous cells arranged in a more or less regular palisade, with an arachnoid medullary layer; epithecium brown; hymenium colourless to brownish; paraphyses simple or sparingly branched, the apical cells more or less swollen; hypothecium dark. Asci 1(-2)-spored, elongate-clavate, thick-walled, with a K/I+ blue apical dome. Ascospores muriform, at first hyaline, then pale to dark brown, 40-65 x (17-)20-25 μm. Pycnidia black, immersed. Conidia bacilliform. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: cortex K-, C-, KC-, P-; medulla K-, C+ red, KC+ red, P-, UV-. Chemistry: medulla with gyrophoric acid.
Note: on basic siliceous rocks, apparently restricted to Sardinia, Corsica, Tuscany and adjacent islands, always at low altitudes and mostly near the coast.
Growth form: Foliose, umbilicate
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: absent
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: very rare
Dry mediterranean belt: extremely rare

pH of the substrata:

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(info)

Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Textes_U/Umbilicaria_brigantium.htm
France, 18/10/2012 - Lumio Arinella Puntu Carchincu, alt. 15 m - Corse



Pier Luigi Nimis
Italy
TSB 41767



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04
TSB 13764


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Textes_U/Umbilicaria_brigantium.htm
France, 18/10/2012 - Lumio Arinella Puntu Carchincu, alt. 15 m - Corse



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (8218)
2001/11/25


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Textes_U/Umbilicaria_brigantium.htm
France, 18/10/2012 - Lumio Arinella Puntu Carchincu, alt. 15 m - Corse


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Textes_U/Umbilicaria_brigantium.htm
France, 18/10/2012 - Lumio Arinella Puntu Carchincu, alt. 15 m - Corse


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Textes_U/Umbilicaria_brigantium.htm
France, 18/10/2012 - Lumio Arinella Puntu Carchincu, alt. 15 m - Corse


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Textes_U/Umbilicaria_brigantium.htm
France, 18/10/2012 - Lumio Arinella Puntu Carchincu, alt. 15 m - Corse


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Textes_U/Umbilicaria_brigantium.htm
France, 18/10/2012 - Lumio Arinella Puntu Carchincu, alt. 15 m - Corse


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=949&lang=en
France, Corse, Lumio


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=949&lang=en
France, Corse, Lumio


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=949&lang=en
France, Corse, Lumio


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=949&lang=en
France, Corse, Lumio


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=949&lang=en
France, Corse, Lumio


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=949&lang=en
France, Corse, Lumio


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=949&lang=en
France, Corse, Lumio


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=949&lang=en
France, Corse, Lumio


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=949&lang=en
France, Corse, Lumio


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=949&lang=en
France, Corse, Lumio


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=949&lang=en
France, Corse, Lumio
lower surface


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=949&lang=en
France, Corse, Lumio
apothecium


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=949&lang=en
France, Corse, Lumio


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=949&lang=en
France, Corse, Lumio


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=949&lang=en
France, Corse, Lumio


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=949&lang=en
France, Corse, Lumio


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=949&lang=en
France, Corse, Lumio


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=949&lang=en
France, Corse, Lumio


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=949&lang=en
France, Corse, Lumio