Arthonia calcarea (Sm.) Ertz & Diederich

Arthonia calcarea (Sm.) Ertz & Diederich

in Ertz & al., Mycol. Res., 113: 146, 2009. Basionym: Opegrapha calcarea Turner ex Sm. in Smith & Sowerby - Engl. Bot., 25: 1790, 1807.

Synonyms: Opegrapha chevallieri Leight.; Opegrapha conferta auct. p.p. non Anzi; Opegrapha confluens auct. non (Ach.) Stizenb.

Distribution: N - VG, Frl (TSB 24287), Ven (Caniglia & al. 1993), TAA, Lomb, Piem (Isocrono & al. 2004), Lig. C - Tosc, Marc (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Umb (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Ravera & al. 2006, Panfili 2007), Laz (Nimis & Tretiach 2004), Abr (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Gheza & al. 2021), Mol (Nimis & Tretiach, 1999, 2004, Caporale & al. 2008, Genovesi & Ravera 2014), Sar. S - Camp (Aprile & al. 2003, 2003b, Nimis & Tretiach 2004, Garofalo & al. 2010), Pugl (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Durini & Medagli 2002, 2004, Gianfreda & Matino 2020), Bas (Bartoli & Puntillo 1998, Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Cal (Puntillo 1996, Ravera & al. 2022b), Si (Nimis & al. 1994, Grillo & al. 2002, 2009, Grillo & Caniglia 2004, Caniglia & Grillo 2005, 2006, Genco & al. 2007, Gianguzzi & al. 2009).

Description: Thallus crustose, endosubstratic to thinly episubstratic, continuous or finely cracked, whitish to pale grey, sometimes with a pink or ochraceous hue, usually not well-delimited, I+ blue. Apothecia lirelliform, black, epruinose, straight or curved, simple or rarely branched, (0.4-)0.8-1.5(-3) x 0.2-0.4 mm, isolated or more commonly forming star-like clusters, projecting from thallus, with a slit-like disc and a black, carbonaceous margin. Proper exciple black, closed below the hymenium, K+ greenish near the hymenium, the part below the hymenium column-like, usually taller than the upper part; epithecium brown, K+ olive-green; hymenium colourless, I+ blue throughout, K/I+ blue, 60-80(-100) µm high; paraphyses much branched, not capitate; hypothecium black. Asci 8-spored, broadly clavate to subglobose, semifissitunicate, Arthonia-type. Ascospores 3-septate with rounded ends, hyaline, clavate, (11-)14-20(-24) x (3-)4-5(-6) μm, with a thin, usually poorly visible perispore. Pycnidia black, semi-immersed. Conidia straight, 5-8 x c. 1 µm. Photobiont trentepohlioid. Spot tests: thallus K-, C-, KC-, P-, UV-. Chemistry: without lichen substances.

Note: on limestone, brick, roofing tiles, etc. in sheltered situations, the most common calcicolous species of the genus throughout Italy, with a wide altitudinal range. According to Roux & coll. (2014) A. trifurcata is an independent species. Here the species is treated in a broad sense. The synonymisation of Opegrapha conferta Anzi with Gyrographa saxigena by Coppins & al. (2008) has been taken up by several other sources. There is however a lichen which has been frequently called Opegrapha conferta, that belongs to the Arthonia calcarea-group (mentioned as O. conferta auct. by Cannon & al. 2020). If the type of O. conferta Anzi is Gyrographa saxigena, this other lichen has no valid name, and even if the synonymisation were incorrect, that lichen still would have no valid name, since it should be transferred to Arthonia, the epithet conferta conflicting with an already existing Arthonia conferta (Fée) Nyl. (1858).

Growth form: Crustose

Substrata: rocks

Photobiont: Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent

Subalpine belt: extremely rare

Oromediterranean belt: extremely rare

Montane belt: rather common

Submediterranean belt: common

Padanian area: extremely rare

Humid submediterranean belt: very common

Humid mediterranean belt: rather common

Dry mediterranean belt: rare

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Herbarium samples

A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Sicilia, TP, Erice, dintorni della città
2008.04.05

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (13485)
2001/11/27

P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (38281)
2008.02.23

A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Sicilia, TP, Erice, dintorni della città
2008.04.05

A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Sicilia, TP, Erice, dintorni della città
2008.04.05

Domenico Puntillo; Owner: Domenico Puntillo

Italy

Domenico Puntillo; Owner: Domenico Puntillo

Italy

Domenico Puntillo; Owner: Domenico Puntillo

Italy

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=84&lang=en

France, Corse, Barbagio

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=84&lang=en

France, Mur de Chapelle Camaret

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=84&lang=en

France, Plougastel-Daoulas

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=84&lang=en

France, Crozon

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=84&lang=en

France, Crozon

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=84&lang=en

France, Crozon

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1053&lang=en

France, Roscanvel

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1053&lang=en

France, Roscanvel

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1053&lang=en

France, Roscanvel

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1053&lang=en

France, Roscanvel

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1053&lang=en

France, Roscanvel

Peter Braubach - CC BY-SA 4.0

Germany, Hannover

Peter Braubach - CC BY-SA 4.0

Germany, Hannover

Peter Braubach - CC BY-SA 4.0

Germany, Hannover

Peter Braubach - CC BY-SA 4.0

Germany, Hannover

Peter Braubach - CC BY-SA 4.0

Germany, Hannover

Peter Braubach - CC BY-SA 4.0

Germany, Hannover

Peter Braubach - CC BY-SA 4.0

Germany, Hannover

Peter Braubach - CC BY-SA 4.0

Germany, Hannover

Peter Braubach - CC BY-SA 4.0

Germany, Hannover

Peter Braubach - CC BY-SA 4.0

Germany, Hannover

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