Lecanora horiza (Ach.) Linds.

Lecanora horiza (Ach.) Linds.

Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh, 9: 96, 1869. Basionym: Lecanora subfusca var. horiza Ach. - Lichenogr. Univ.: 394, 1810.

Synonyms: Lecanora laevis Poelt; Lecanora oleae Reichert & Galun; Lecanora palestinica Räsänen; Lecanora parisiensis Nyl.; Lecanora sienae B. de Lesd.?

Distribution: N - Piem (Ravera & al. 2024a), Emil (Nimis & al. 1996, Benesperi 2009, Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig (Valcuvia & al. 2000, Giordani & Incerti 2008). C - Tosc (Loppi & Putortì 1995, Loppi & al. 1995, 1997, 1997b, 1998, 1998b, 2002, 2002c, 2003, 2004, 2004c, 2006, Loppi 1996, 1996b, Loppi & De Dominicis 1996, Putortì & al. 1998, Putortì & Loppi 1999, Bacci & al. 2000, Benesperi 2000a, Senese & Critelli 2000, Loppi & Frati 2004, Frati & al. 2006b, Paoli & Loppi 2008, Brunialti & Frati 2010, Loppi & Nascimbene 2010, Brunialti & al. 2012b, Frati & Brunialti 2023), Marc (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Frati & Brunialti 2006), Umb (Ravera 2000, Panfili 2000b, Ravera & al. 2006, Panfili 2007), Laz (Bartoli & al. 1997, Loppi & Pirintsos 2000, Massari & Ravera 2002, Ruisi & al. 2005, Ravera 2008b, Ravera & Genovesi 2008), Abr (Recchia & al. 1993, Olivieri & al. 1997, 1997b, Loppi & al. 1999, Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Stofer 2006, Gheza & al. 2021), Mol (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Caporale & al. 2008, Paoli & al. 2015), Sar (Zedda 2002, 2002b, Zedda & al. 2001, Rizzi & al. 2011, Di Nuzzo & al. 2022). S - Camp (Ricciardi & al. 2000, Aprile & al. 2003b, Nimis & Tretiach 2004, Garofalo & al. 2010, Brunialti & al. 2013, Ravera & Brunialti 2013, Catalano & al. 2016), Pugl (Durini & Medagli 2002, 2004, Grube & al. 2004, Brackel 2011), Bas (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Potenza 2006, Paoli & al. 2006, Potenza & al. 2010, Brackel 2011, Brackel & Puntillo 2023), Cal (Puntillo 1996, Incerti & Nimis 2006), Si (Merlo 1993, Nimis & al. 1994, 1996b, Ottonello & Salone 1994, Ottonello & al. 1994, 2011, Grillo & Cristaudo 1995, Ottonello 1996, Grillo & Carfì 1997, Grillo 1998, Grillo & al. 2002, 2007b, Grillo & Caniglia 2004, 2006, Caniglia & Grillo 2006b, Brackel 2008b, Liistro & Cataldo 2011).

Description: Thallus crustose, episubstratic, continuous to faintly rimose, white to pale yellowish white, without a prothallus or sometimes with a thin dark prothallus. Apothecia lecanorine, sessile to slightly constricted at base, (0.4-)0.6-1.2(-1.5) mm across, with a dark reddish brown, often glossy, flat disc, and a smooth, persistent thalline margin. Thalline exciple corticate, the cortex 15-20 µm thick laterally, expanding to 38-85(-150) µm at base, with fine granules soluble in K (visible under polarized light), clearly separated from the medulla by a crystal-free zone; proper exciple colourless, with crystals soluble in K; epithecium red-brown to orange-brown, the pigment not dissolving in K, without crystals; hymenium colourless; paraphyses not or only slightly thickened at apex; hypothecium colourless, not inspersed with oil droplets. Asci 8-spored, clavate, very thin-walled, with a K/I+ blue, tall tholus penetrated by a faintly amyloid apical cushion, the wall K/I-, surrounded by a blue outer layer, Lecanora-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid, 11-17 x (5.5-)6-9(-9.5) µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus K+ yellow, C-, KC-, P- or P+ pale yellow. Chemistry: atranorin, plus a complex of unknown terpenoids.

Note: a mainly Mediterranean species found on smooth bark of isolated broad-leaved trees, much rarer in the North than in Mediterranean Italy. According to Malícek (in litt.) the synonymisation of L. sienae with L. horiza might prove to be incorrect: although the latter is a very variable species, L. sienae would represent a real extreme in its variation range.

Growth form: Crustose

Substrata: bark

Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent

Subalpine belt: absent

Oromediterranean belt: absent

Montane belt: absent

Submediterranean belt: very rare

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: common

Humid mediterranean belt: very common

Dry mediterranean belt: very common

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Herbarium samples

P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB 16584

P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (38263)
2008.02.25

P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (38263)
2008.02.25

P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (38263)
2008.02.25

A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Sicilia, TP, Isola di Marettimo
2008.04.05

G. Incerti CC BY-SA 04

TSB 30190

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_L/Texte_L_3/Lecanora_horiza.htm

France, oct. 2015 - sur Juniperus phoenicea - Anse de l'Ile de Fazzio - Corse

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_L/Texte_L_3/Lecanora_horiza.htm

France, oct. 2015 - sur Juniperus phoenicea - Anse de l'Ile de Fazzio - Corse

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_L/Texte_L_3/Lecanora_horiza.htm

France, oct. 2015 - sur Juniperus phoenicea - Anse de l'Ile de Fazzio - Corse

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_L/Texte_L_3/Lecanora_horiza.htm

France, oct. 2015 - sur Juniperus phoenicea - Anse de l'Ile de Fazzio - Corse

Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder

On Cupressus sempervirens. SE-Europe; N-Cyprus; SE of Girne; Beşparmak Mountains; between Girne Kayasi and Armenian Monastery (Sourp Margar

Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder

On Cupressus sempervirens. SE-Europe; N-Cyprus; SE of Girne; Beşparmak Mountains; between Girne Kayasi and Armenian Monastery (Sourp Margar

Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder

On Pinus halepensis/brutia. SE Europe; N-Cyprus; SE of Girne; Beşparmak Mountains; between Alevkaya and Antiphonitis Monastery

Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder

On Pinus halepensis/brutia. SE Europe; N-Cyprus; SE of Girne; Beşparmak Mountains; between Alevkaya and Antiphonitis Monastery

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