Melanelia stygia (L.) Essl.

Melanelia stygia (L.) Essl.

Mycotaxon, 7: 47, 1978. Basionym: Lichen stygius L. - Sp. Pl., 2: 1143, 1753.

Synonyms: Cetraria stygia (L.) Schaer.; Cornicularia stygia (L.) Nyl.; Imbricaria stygia (L.) DC.; Lichen fahlunensis L.; Parmelia fahlunensis var. stygia (L.) Schaer.; Parmelia reagens (Servít) Gyeln.; Parmelia stygia (L.) Ach.

Distribution: N - Frl (Tretiach & Hafellner 2000), Ven, TAA (Caniglia & al. 2002, Thell & al. 2002, 2004, 2009, Nascimbene & al. 2022), Lomb, Piem (Isocrono & al. 2004), VA (Borlandelli & al. 1996, Piervittori & Isocrono 1997, 1999). C - Sar. S - Cal (Puntillo 1996).

Description: Thallus foliose, heteromerous, dorsiventral, adnate to ascending, forming 3-6(-10) cm wide rosettes. Lobes elongate, (0.5-)1-2(-3) mm wide, convex (flattened in upper part), contiguous to imbricate, with thickened and usually down-turned margins. Upper surface dark brown to black (greenish brown in shade-forms), more or less shiny, with rounded to elongate, whitish, mostly marginal pseudocyphellae often surrounded by a raised margin; lower surface dark brown to black, matt, with scattered, mostly simple, black rhizines. Upper cortex paraplectenchymatous, with a non-pored epicortex, the cell walls containing isolichenan; medulla white; lower cortex paraplectenchymatous. Apothecia lecanorine, mostly submarginal, 2-5(-8) mm across, with a dark disc and a usually knobby, pseudocyphellate thalline margin. Epithecium brownish; hymenium and hypothecium colourless. Asci 8-spored, broadly clavate, the K/I+ blue tholus penetrated by a faintly amyloid apical cushion with parallel or diverging flanks, the wall K/I-, surrounded by a K/I+ blue outer layer, Lecanora-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, broadly ellipsoid, 7-12 x 4-6 µm. Pycnidia frequent, black, laminal, globose, mostly immersed, often with a gaping ostiole. Conidia dumbbell-shaped (thickened at both ends), 3.5-5.5 x c. 1 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: upper cortex K-, C-, KC-, P-, N-; medulla K+ yellow turning dirty red-brown (rarely K-), C-, KC-, P+ orange-red (rarely P-), I-. Chemistry: several chemotypes, with 1) stictic and norstictic acids (major), 2) fumarprotocetraric and protocetraric acids (major), 3) no lichen substances. Caperatic, cryptostictic, menegazziaic and constictic acids have been also reported as minor substances.

Note: a circumpolar, arctic-alpine lichen found on siliceous rocks in open habitats, with optimum near and above treeline; widespread in the Alps, where it reaches the nival belt, much rarer in the high Mediterranean mountains. Specimens from Calabria and Sardinia (TSB) are worthy of further study.

Growth form: Foliose, narrow lobed

Substrata: rocks

Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: very common

Subalpine belt: rather common

Oromediterranean belt: extremely rare

Montane belt: very rare

Submediterranean belt: absent

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: absent

Humid mediterranean belt: absent

Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Herbarium samples

Mark Rahill - CC BY-SA 4.0

USA

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (35210)
2002/07/09

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (35210)
2002/07/09
pseudocyphellae

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (6845)
2001/12/05

Triin Aimla; Owner: University of Tartu

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[20334], U.R.S.S. Cucasus Magnus, ad latera occidentalia montis Elbrus, loco Krugozor dicto, 3000-3100 m, ad saxa vulcanica. Leg. A. Vezda, 21.06.1980. A. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 1539

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[20334], U.R.S.S. Cucasus Magnus, ad latera occidentalia montis Elbrus, loco Krugozor dicto, 3000-3100 m, ad saxa vulcanica. Leg. A. Vezda, 21.06.1980. A. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 1539

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[20334], U.R.S.S. Cucasus Magnus, ad latera occidentalia montis Elbrus, loco Krugozor dicto, 3000-3100 m, ad saxa vulcanica. Leg. A. Vezda, 21.06.1980. A. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 1539

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[20334], U.R.S.S. Cucasus Magnus, ad latera occidentalia montis Elbrus, loco Krugozor dicto, 3000-3100 m, ad saxa vulcanica. Leg. A. Vezda, 21.06.1980. A. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 1539

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[20334], U.R.S.S. Cucasus Magnus, ad latera occidentalia montis Elbrus, loco Krugozor dicto, 3000-3100 m, ad saxa vulcanica. Leg. A. Vezda, 21.06.1980. A. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 1539
c: caperatic acid

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[20335], Bohemoslovacia, Slovacia centr., montes Štiavnické vrchy, in Monte Kamenná loco dicto Kamenné supra pagum Vyhne, 370 m, ad saxa eruptiva. Leg. I. Pišút et M. Svetlíková, 7.08.1987. A. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2194
c: caperatic acid

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[20335], Bohemoslovacia, Slovacia centr., montes Štiavnické vrchy, in Monte Kamenná loco dicto Kamenné supra pagum Vyhne, 370 m, ad saxa eruptiva. Leg. I. Pišút et M. Svetlíková, 7.08.1987. A. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2194

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[20335], Bohemoslovacia, Slovacia centr., montes Štiavnické vrchy, in Monte Kamenná loco dicto Kamenné supra pagum Vyhne, 370 m, ad saxa eruptiva. Leg. I. Pišút et M. Svetlíková, 7.08.1987. A. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2194

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[20335], Bohemoslovacia, Slovacia centr., montes Štiavnické vrchy, in Monte Kamenná loco dicto Kamenné supra pagum Vyhne, 370 m, ad saxa eruptiva. Leg. I. Pišút et M. Svetlíková, 7.08.1987. A. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2194

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[20335], Bohemoslovacia, Slovacia centr., montes Štiavnické vrchy, in Monte Kamenná loco dicto Kamenné supra pagum Vyhne, 370 m, ad saxa eruptiva. Leg. I. Pišút et M. Svetlíková, 7.08.1987. A. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2194
f: fumarprotocetraric acid, p: protocetraric acid, a & b unknowns

P.L. Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB 41998

P.L. Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB 41999

P.L. Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB 41999

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php

Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB 43972

Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB 43972

Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB 43972

Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB 44004

Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/

Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_M/Melanelia_stygia.htm

France, 4/8/2011 - Mont Cenis - 2081 m - Savoie

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_M/Melanelia_stygia.htm

France, 4/8/2011 - Mont Cenis - 2081 m - Savoie

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_M/Melanelia_stygia.htm

France, 6/10/2011 - Restonica - Corse

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_M/Melanelia_stygia.htm

France, 6/10/2011 - Restonica - Corse

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_M/Melanelia_stygia.htm

France, 6/10/2011 - Restonica - Corse

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_M/Melanelia_stygia.htm

France, 6/10/2011 - Restonica - Corse

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