Nephroma parile (Ach.) Ach.
Lichenogr. Univ.: 522, 1810. Basionym: Lichen parilis Ach. - Lichenogr. Suec. Prodr.: 164, 1799.
Synonyms: Nephroma laevigatum f. reagens (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr.; Nephroma laevigatum f. sorediatum Rabenh.; Nephroma reagens (B. de Lesd.) Gyeln.; Nephromium laevigatum var. parile (Ach.) Nyl.; Nephromium parile f. reagens B. de Lesd.
Distribution: N - VG, Frl (Nascimbene & al. 1998, Tretiach & Hafellner 2000, Tretiach & Molaro 2007), Ven (Nascimbene & Caniglia 1997, Caniglia & al. 1999, Nascimbene & al. 2005b, 2006c, 2007, 2010b, Nascimbene 2008c, 2011), TAA (Nascimbene & Caniglia 2000b, Lich. Graec. 246: Obermayer 2003, Nascimbene & al. 2006e, 2007b, 2022, Nimis & al. 2015), Lomb (Philippi 1983, Dalle Vedove & al. 2004, Gheza 2017, Gheza & al. 2022), Piem (Morisi & Sereno 1995, Isocrono & al. 2004, Morisi 2005, Isocrono & Piervittori 2008), VA (Piervittori & Isocrono 1999), Emil (Tretiach & al. 2008, Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig (Brunialti & al. 1999, Giordani & Brunialti 2000). C - Tosc (Benesperi & al. 2007, Benesperi 2011), Marc (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Umb (Ravera 2000, Ravera & al. 2006), Laz, Abr. S - Camp (Aprile & al. 2003b), Cal (Puntillo 1996).
Description: Thallus foliose, heteromerous and dorsiventral, loosely adnate, fragmentary or forming 3-8(-12) cm wide rosettes. Lobes irregular, 3-8(-10) mm wide, elongate, thin, subrotund at apices, with entire or dissected, rarely ascending margins. Upper surface smooth to slightly foveolate, bluish grey to dark red-brown when dry, much darker when wet, epruinose, with brownish, irregular, marginal soralia which later expand over the surface, the soredia usually corticate; lower surface corticate, pale brown, tomentose, smooth to rugulose. Upper and lower cortex pseudoparenchymatous; medulla white. Apothecia very rare, immersed on lower surface at tips of lobes, orbicular, up to 8 mm diam., with a light brown disc and a prominent margin with a usually sorediate thalloid rim. Asci 8-spored, fissitunicate, the thickened apex with a K/I+ blue ring, Peltigera-type. Ascospores subfusiform, 3-septate, pale brown, thick-walled, 17-20 x 5-7 µm. Pycnidia rare, marginal, immersed, punctiform. Conidia bacilliform, 4-5 x 1-2 µm. Photobiont cyanobacterial (Nostoc, the cells not in long chains). Spot tests: upper cortex K-, C-, KC-, P-; medulla K- or K+ pale yellow. Chemistry: upper cortex with an unknown brown pigment; medulla with the following hopane triterpenoids: T2 (15α-acetoxyhopan-22-ol; dolichorrhizin), T3 (hopane-6α,22-diol; zeorin), and T5 (hopane-15α,22-diol).Note: a cool-temperate to circumboreal-montane lichen found on bark, epiphytic mosses, basic siliceous rocks and soil in humid and sheltered situations, mostly in upland areas. The cryptic species N. orvoi Timdal et al., apparently more widespread in Northern Europe and hardly distinguishable from N. parile morphologically (but with a different chemistry), has been recently reported from Switzerland (Timdal & al. 2020).
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Substrata: rocks, bark, soil, terricolous mosses, and plant debris
Photobiont: cyanobacteria, filamentous (e.g. Nostoc, Scytonema)
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: extremely rare
Subalpine belt: rare
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: extremely rare
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent
Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
Image from: F. Schumm (2008) - Flechten Madeiras, der Kanaren und Azoren. Beck, OHG - ISBN: 978-3-00-023700-3
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (9187)
2001/11/27
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_N/Nephroma_parile.htm
France, Haute-Savoie 2010
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (36991)
2008.02.28
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (36991)
2008.02.28
Arsen Gasparyan; Owner: Arsen Gasparyan CC-BY-SA-4.0
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19195], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19195], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19195], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19195], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19195], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19195], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Triin Aimla; Owner: University of Tartu
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_N/Nephroma_parile.htm
France, Haute-Savoie 2010
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_N/Nephroma_parile.htm
France, Haute-Savoie 2010
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_N/Nephroma_parile.htm
France, Haute-Savoie 2010
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_N/Nephroma_parile.htm
France, Haute-Savoie 2010
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_N/Nephroma_parile.htm
France, Haute-Savoie 2010
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=373&lang=en
France, Le Faouet
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=373&lang=en
France, Le Faouet
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=373&lang=en
France, Le Faouet
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=373&lang=en
France, Le Faouet
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=373&lang=en
France, Le Faouet
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=373&lang=en
France, Le Faouet
Antonio Valero Risoto - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=373&lang=en
lower surface
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
F; Jura: Near Foncine-Le Haut.
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Substrata: rocks, bark, soil, terricolous mosses, and plant debris
Photobiont: cyanobacteria, filamentous (e.g. Nostoc, Scytonema)
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: extremely rare
Subalpine belt: rare
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: extremely rare
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent
Predictive model
| Herbarium samples |
Index Fungorum
GBIF
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
Image from: F. Schumm (2008) - Flechten Madeiras, der Kanaren und Azoren. Beck, OHG - ISBN: 978-3-00-023700-3
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (9187)
2001/11/27
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_N/Nephroma_parile.htm
France, Haute-Savoie 2010
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (36991)
2008.02.28
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (36991)
2008.02.28
Arsen Gasparyan; Owner: Arsen Gasparyan CC-BY-SA-4.0
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19195], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19195], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19195], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19195], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19195], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19195], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Triin Aimla; Owner: University of Tartu
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_N/Nephroma_parile.htm
France, Haute-Savoie 2010
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_N/Nephroma_parile.htm
France, Haute-Savoie 2010
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_N/Nephroma_parile.htm
France, Haute-Savoie 2010
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_N/Nephroma_parile.htm
France, Haute-Savoie 2010
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_N/Nephroma_parile.htm
France, Haute-Savoie 2010
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=373&lang=en
France, Le Faouet
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=373&lang=en
France, Le Faouet
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=373&lang=en
France, Le Faouet
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=373&lang=en
France, Le Faouet
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=373&lang=en
France, Le Faouet
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=373&lang=en
France, Le Faouet
Antonio Valero Risoto - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=373&lang=en
lower surface
