Opegrapha lithyrga Ach.

Lichenogr. Univ.: 247, 1810.
Synonyms: Opegrapha lithyrgodes Nyl. ex Leight.
Distribution: N - TAA, Lomb, Piem (Isocrono & al. 2004), Lig. C - Tosc, Sar. S - Camp, Pugl (Jatta 1909-1911), Cal (Puntillo 1996), Si (Grillo 1998, Grillo & Caniglia 2004).
Description: Thallus crustose, thin and poorly developed, smooth or granular, grey to grey-brown. Apothecia lirelliform, black, solitary or in small clusters, round, ellipsoid or more commonly sinuous-elongate, often branched, (0.2-)0.5-1.5(-2) x 0.15-0.25 mm, with a slit-like, epruinose disc, and a thick, persistent proper margin. Proper exciple black, carbonized, continuous below the hypothecium, 13-18 μm thick laterally and 40-60 μm at the base, K+ greenish; epithecium brownish; hymenium colourless, 60-70 μm high, I+ reddish; paraphysoids branched and anastomosing, c. 1 μm thick, the apical cells hardly swollen; subhymenium grey-brown, I+ reddish; hypothecium black. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical-clavate, the inner layer of the endoascus amyloid throughout, the apical ring hardly visible (Vulgata-type). Ascospores 5-7-septate, hyaline, fusiform, straight or slightly curved, 20-35 x 2.5-5 μm, with a 1-1.5 μm thick, gelatinous perispore. Pycnidia black, very small, sunken in thallus. Conidia straight, bacilliform and 3-5 x c. 1 μm, or filiform, curved, and 10-14 μm x c. 0.5 μm. Photobiont trentepohlioid. Spot tests: K-, C-, KC-, P-. Chemistry: without lichen substances.
Note: on vertical to rain-sheltered surfaces of hard siliceous rocks in deep gorges or in mature forests. Closely related to O. vulgata.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)
In underhangs rarely wetted by rain

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: very rare
Submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: very rare
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Index Fungorum GBIF


D. Puntillo CC BY-SA 4.0



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (23285)
2001/11/27



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 41448



Domenico Puntillo; Owner: Domenico Puntillo
Italy


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1023&lang=en
France, Landevennec


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1023&lang=en
France, Landevennec


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1023&lang=en
France, Landevennec


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1023&lang=en
France, Landevennec


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1023&lang=en
France, Landevennec


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1023&lang=en
France, Landevennec



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[ABL27934], Brazil, Santa Catarina, São Francisco do Sul, S of Prainha. 26°14'06'' S, 48°30'05'' W, 10 m. On coastal granite. Leg. M. Cáceres & A. Aptroot (no 27934), 8 October 2015, det. A. Aptroot 2015.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[ABL27934], Brazil, Santa Catarina, São Francisco do Sul, S of Prainha. 26°14'06'' S, 48°30'05'' W, 10 m. On coastal granite. Leg. M. Cáceres & A. Aptroot (no 27934), 8 October 2015, det. A. Aptroot 2015.