Parmelia sulcata Taylor
in Mackay, Fl. Hibern., 2: 145, 1836.
Synonyms: Parmelia saxatilis var. sulcata (Taylor) Linds.; Parmelia sulcata var. laevis Nyl.
Distribution: N - VG (Castello 1996, 2002, Carvalho 1997, Martellos & Castello 2004, Castello & Skert 2005), Frl (Badin & Nimis 1996, Tretiach 1996, Hafellner 1998, Giordani & al. 2003b, Castello & Skert 2005, Tretiach & Molaro 2007, Bernini & al. 2010, Bertuzzi & Tretiach 2013, Brackel 2013), Ven (Nimis & al. 1996c, Nascimbene & Caniglia 1997, 2000, 2002b, 2002c, 2003c, Lazzarin 1997, 2000, Caniglia & al. 1999, Valcuvia & al. 2000c, Nascimbene 2005c, 2008, 2008c, 2011, Nascimbene & al. 2005b, 2006, 2006c, 2006e, 2007, 2009c, 2010b, 2013b, Nascimbene & Marini 2007, 2010, Brackel 2013), TAA (Nascimbene & Caniglia 2000b, 2002c, Caniglia & al. 2002, Nascimbene 2001b, 2003, 2005b, 2006b, 2006c, 2008b, 2014, Gottardini & al. 2004, Nascimbene & al. 2006e, 2007b, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2022, Stofer 2006, Lang 2009, Brackel 2013, Nascimbene & Marini 2015, Nimis & al. 2015, Trindade & al. 2021, Hafellner 2021), Lomb (Philippi 1983, Rivellini 1994, Alessio & al. 1995, Arosio & Rinaldi 1995, Valcuvia & Gianatti 1995, Valcuvia & Brusoni 1996, Brusoni & al. 1997, Zocchi & al. 1997, Roella 1999, Brusoni & Valcuvia 2000, Casarini & al. 2000, Serio & al. 2001, Arosio & al. 2000, 2003, Valcuvia & al. 2003, Dalle Vedove & al. 2004, Chiappetta & al. 2005, Anderi & al. 2005, Stofer 2006, Nascimbene & al. 2006e, Bergamaschi & al. 2007, Furlanetto 2010, Brackel 2010, 2013, Gheza & al. 2015, 2020, 2023, Gheza 2019, 2019b), Piem (Caniglia & al. 1992, Morisi & Sereno 1995, Modenesi & Piana 1998, Arosio & al. 1998, Piervittori 1998, 2003, Caviglia & Modenesi 1999, Clerc & al. 1999, Isocrono & Falletti 1999, Piervittori & al. 2001, Rizzio & al. 2001, Buzio 2003, Griselli & al. 2003, Giordani & al. 2003b, Castino 2004, Isocrono & al. 2004, 2005b, 2006, 2007, 2009, Morisi 2005, Isocrono & Piervittori 2008, Furlanetto 2010, Matteucci & al. 2010, Motiejunaitè & Grochowski 2014, Giordani & Malaspina 2016:Lich. Ital. Exs. 59: Isocrono & al. 2021), VA (Borlandelli & al. 1996, Piervittori & Maffei 1996, 2001, Piervittori & Isocrono 1997, 1999, Valcuvia & al. 2000b, Revel & al. 2001, Giordani & al. 2003b, Bergamaschi & al. 2004, Matteucci & al. 2008, 2008c, 2015c, Isocrono & al. 2008, Ongaro & al. 2022), Emil (Bassi 1995, Valcuvia & Grieco 1995, Gasparo & Tretiach 1996, Nimis & al. 1996, Crespo & al. 1997, Dalle Vedove & al. 2002, Marconi & al. 2006, Morselli & Regazzi 2006, Tretiach & al. 2008, Cioffi 2009, Benesperi 2009, Malavasi 2014, Gerdol & al. 2014, Brackel 2015, Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig (Castello & al. 1994, Brunialti & al. 1999, Putortì & al. 1999b, Valcuvia & al. 2000, Giordani & al. 2001, 2002, 2003b, Brunialti & Giordani 2003, Minganti & al. 2003, Modenesi & al. 2003, Giordani 2006). C - Tosc (Loppi & al. 1992, 1995, 1996, 1996b, 1996c, 1997, 1997b, 1997e, 1997f, 1998, 1998b, 1999a, 1999b, 1999c, 2002, 2002b, 2002c, 2003, 2004, 2004c, 2006, Tretiach & Nimis 1994, Loppi & Corsini 1995, 2003, Loppi & Putortì 1995, 1995b, 2001, Loppi 1996, 1997, 1996b, 1998, Loppi & De Dominicis 1996b, Crespo & al. 1997, Monaci & al. 1997, Loppi & Nascimbene 1998, 2010, Putortì & al. 1998, 1999, Putortì & Loppi 1999, 1999b, Tretiach & Ganis 1999, Tretiach & al. 1999, 2003b, 2013, Bacci & al. 2000, Baruffo 2000, Loppi & Bonini 2000, Loppi & Pirintsos 2000, Benesperi 2000a, 2011, Del Guasta 2001, Tretiach & Baruffo 2001c, Paoli & Loppi 2001, 2008, Laganà & al. 2002, Crisafulli & al. 2003, Lorenzini & al. 2003, Loppi & Frati 2004, Baruffo & Tretiach 2005, Bucci & al. 2006, Stofer 2006, Frati & al. 2007, Benesperi & al. 2007, Lastrucci & al. 2009, Pasquinelli & al. 2009, Brunialti & Frati 2010, Pasquinelli & Puccini 2010, Loppi & Baragatti 2011, Brunialti & al. 2012, 2012b, Paoli & al. 2012, 2012b, 2013, 2015d, Brackel 2015, Nascimbene & al. 2015, Frati & Brunialti 2023), Marc (Gasparo & al. 1989, Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Frati & Brunialti 2006, Brackel 2015), Umb (Ravera 1998, 1999, Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Panfili 2000b, 2007, Ravera & al. 2006, Genovesi 2011, Brackel 2015), Laz (Gigante & Petriccione 1995, Bartoli & al. 1997, Ravera 2002, 2008b, Massari & Ravera 2002, Nimis & Tretiach 2004, Ruisi & al. 2005, Stofer 2006, Munzi & al. 2007, Ravera & Genovesi 2008, Zucconi & al. 2013, Brackel 2015), Abr (Recchia & al. 1993, Olivieri & al. 1997, 1997b, Loppi & al. 1999, Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Brackel 2015, Caporale & al. 2016, Corona & al. 2016, Gheza & al. 2021), Mol (Garofalo & al. 1999, Caporale & al. 2008, Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Ravera & al. 2010, Genovesi & Ravera 2014, Brackel 2015, 2020, Paoli & al. 2015, Caporale & Ravera 2020), Sar (Zedda 1995, 2002, 2002b, Crespo & al. 1997, Loi & al. 2000, Zedda & al. 2001, Piccotto & al. 2009, Rizzi & al. 2011, Cossu 2013, Neuwirth 2018, Brackel & Berger 2019, Di Nuzzo & al. 2022). S - Camp (Crespo & al. 1997, Garofalo & al. 1999, 2010, Aprile & al. 2002, 2003, 2003b, 2011, Nimis & Tretiach 2004, Brunialti & al. 2010, 2013, Catalano & al. 2010, 2016, Nascimbene & al. 2010b), Pugl (Garofalo & al. 1999, Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Durini & Medagli 2004, Brackel 2011, Gianfreda & Matino 2020), Bas (Crespo & al. 1997, Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Potenza 2006, Brackel 2011), Cal (Puntillo 1995, 1996, van den Boom & Giralt 2002, Puntillo & Puntillo 2004, Incerti & Nimis 2006, Stofer 2006, Brackel & Puntillo 2016), Si (Czeczuga & al. 1994, Nimis & al. 1994, Ottonello & al. 1994, Grillo & Cristaudo 1995, Ottonello 1996, Ottonello & Romano 1997, Schicchi & al. 1997, Merlo 2004b, Grillo & Caniglia 2004, 2006, Caniglia & Grillo 2006b, Stofer 2006, Brackel 2008b, 2008c, Liistro & Cataldo 2011, Campisi & al. 2020).
Description: Thallus foliose, heteromerous, dorsiventral, rather loosely attached, usually forming 4-10(-20) cm wide, distinct rosettes. Lobes sublinear, contiguous to imbricate, elongate, flat, separate, 2-5 mm wide, with truncate apices. Upper surface grey, usually epruinose, rarely faintly white-pruinose in marginal parts, becoming cracked along prominent, elongated pseudocyphellae which give rise to granular soredia arranged in laminal, linear, non-excavated soralia. Lower surface black, with black, simple to furcate rhizines mixed with squarrose rhizines, the latter present also along the margins. Upper cortex paraplectenchymatous, of 2-6 layers of densely packed cells, with a usually non-pored epicortex, the cell walls with isolichenan; medulla white; algal layer continuous; lower cortex paraplectenchymatous, thinner than upper cortex. Apothecia rare, lecanorine, 2-8 mm across, with a brown disc and a usually sorediate thalline margin. Epithecium brownish; hymenium and hypothecium colourless. Asci 8-spored, clavate, Lecanora-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid, 11-15 x 6-8 µm. Pycnidia immersed, black. Conidia bacilliform, 5-8 x 1 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: upper cortex K+ yellow (but often slowly turning orange-red due to medullary substances), C-, KC-, P- or P+ faintly yellow; medulla K+ yellow turning orange-red, C-, KC-, P+ orange, UV-. Chemistry: upper cortex with atranorin and chloroatranorin; medulla with salazinic acid (major) and consalazinic acid (minor).
Note: on acid or subacid bark, exceptionally also on wood; this is certainly the most common and wide-ranging Parmelia in Italy, also present near large urban settlements in Northern Italy, rare only in the eu-Mediterranean belt. See also notes on P. barrenoae and P. encryptata.
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: rather common
Oromediterranean belt: very rare
Montane belt: extremely common
Submediterranean belt: very common
Padanian area: rather rare
Humid submediterranean belt: extremely common
Humid mediterranean belt: rare
Dry mediterranean belt: very rare
Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Saxifraga-Willem van Kruijsbergen – Source: http://www.freenatureimages.eu/plants/Lichenes,%20Korstmossen,%20Lichens/Cladonia%20borealis,%20Boreal%20cup%20lichen/
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (27362)
2001/12/05
detail of pseudocyphellae
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (27362)
2001/12/05
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (27362)
2001/12/05
young soralia
Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (37015)
2008.02.28
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (37015)
2008.02.28
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (37015)
2008.02.28
Juri Nascimbene; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Trento, Villa Welsperg, Centro Visitatori del Parco di Paneveggio; altitude: 1030 m
03.04.2009
Harry Taylor; Owner: Natural History Museum London
Antonio Valero; Owner: Antonio Valero
Spain
2010
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Udine, Ampezzo Carnico, 600 m
09.09.2016
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Udine, Passo del Pura, Ampezzo Carnico, 1400 m
09.09.2016
Einar Timdal - Source: http://nhm2.uio.no/lav/web/index.html - CC BY-NC
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Conconello
14/02/2017
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Opicina, Viale alberato sulla strada per Monrupino
17/02/2017
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Opicina, Viale alberato sulla strada per Monrupino
17/02/2017
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[14931], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an div. Laubbäumen in der Nähe der Sportanlagen von Uhingen, TK: 7223. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 03.06.2006.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[14931], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an div. Laubbäumen in der Nähe der Sportanlagen von Uhingen, TK: 7223. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 03.06.2006.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[14931], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an div. Laubbäumen in der Nähe der Sportanlagen von Uhingen, TK: 7223. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 03.06.2006.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19104], New Zealand, South Island, Canterbury, 3 km east of Te Oka Peak, Banks Peninsula, 670 m, growing on volcanic rocks and debris in pasture. Leg. J.A. Elix (18971) & J. Johnston, 03.03.1985.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19104], New Zealand, South Island, Canterbury, 3 km east of Te Oka Peak, Banks Peninsula, 670 m, growing on volcanic rocks and debris in pasture. Leg. J.A. Elix (18971) & J. Johnston, 03.03.1985.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19104], New Zealand, South Island, Canterbury, 3 km east of Te Oka Peak, Banks Peninsula, 670 m, growing on volcanic rocks and debris in pasture. Leg. J.A. Elix (18971) & J. Johnston, 03.03.1985.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14931], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an div. Laubbäumen in der Nähe der Sportanlagen von Uhingen, TK: 7223. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 03.06.2006.
at: atranorin, sa: salazinic acid, cs: consalazinic acid, a,b: ?
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14931], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an div. Laubbäumen in der Nähe der Sportanlagen von Uhingen, TK: 7223. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 03.06.2006.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14931], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an div. Laubbäumen in der Nähe der Sportanlagen von Uhingen, TK: 7223. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 03.06.2006.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14931], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an div. Laubbäumen in der Nähe der Sportanlagen von Uhingen, TK: 7223. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 03.06.2006.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14931], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an div. Laubbäumen in der Nähe der Sportanlagen von Uhingen, TK: 7223. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 03.06.2006.
Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Galicia
Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Galicia
Saxifraga-Willem van Kruijsbergen – Source: http://www.freenatureimages.eu/plants/Lichenes,%20Korstmossen,%20Lichens/Cladonia%20borealis,%20Boreal%20cup%20lichen/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Lesteven
corticolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Lesteven
corticolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
corticolous
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Jura
corticolous
Michel David- Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Crozon
corticolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
corticolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
corticolous
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Vercors
corticolous
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Pont l'Evêque
corticolous
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Vercors
corticolous
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=873&lang=en
France, Camaret
saxicolous
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=873&lang=en
France, Camaret
saxicolous
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=872&lang=en
France, Hanvec
on wood
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=872&lang=en
France, Hanvec
on wood
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=872&lang=en
France, Hanvec
on wood
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=872&lang=en
France, Hanvec
on wood
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Vercors
corticolous
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Vercors
corticolous
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Salcedo (Quirós-Asturias), 25-IV-2023, en madera de Quercus robur.
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Salcedo (Quirós-Asturias), 25-IV-2023, en madera de Quercus robur.
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Salcedo (Quirós-Asturias), 25-IV-2023, en madera de Quercus robur.
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Salcedo (Quirós-Asturias), 25-IV-2023, en madera de Quercus robur.
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Salcedo (Quirós-Asturias), 25-IV-2023, en madera de Quercus robur.
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Salcedo (Quirós-Asturias), 25-IV-2023, en madera de Quercus robur.
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: rather common
Oromediterranean belt: very rare
Montane belt: extremely common
Submediterranean belt: very common
Padanian area: rather rare
Humid submediterranean belt: extremely common
Humid mediterranean belt: rare
Dry mediterranean belt: very rare
Predictive model
| Herbarium samples |
Index Fungorum
GBIF
Saxifraga-Willem van Kruijsbergen – Source: http://www.freenatureimages.eu/plants/Lichenes,%20Korstmossen,%20Lichens/Cladonia%20borealis,%20Boreal%20cup%20lichen/
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (27362)
2001/12/05
detail of pseudocyphellae
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (27362)
2001/12/05
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (27362)
2001/12/05
young soralia
Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (37015)
2008.02.28
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (37015)
2008.02.28
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (37015)
2008.02.28
Juri Nascimbene; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Trento, Villa Welsperg, Centro Visitatori del Parco di Paneveggio; altitude: 1030 m
03.04.2009
Harry Taylor; Owner: Natural History Museum London
Antonio Valero; Owner: Antonio Valero
Spain
2010
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Udine, Ampezzo Carnico, 600 m
09.09.2016
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Udine, Passo del Pura, Ampezzo Carnico, 1400 m
09.09.2016
Einar Timdal - Source: http://nhm2.uio.no/lav/web/index.html - CC BY-NC
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Conconello
14/02/2017
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Opicina, Viale alberato sulla strada per Monrupino
17/02/2017
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Opicina, Viale alberato sulla strada per Monrupino
17/02/2017
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[14931], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an div. Laubbäumen in der Nähe der Sportanlagen von Uhingen, TK: 7223. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 03.06.2006.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[14931], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an div. Laubbäumen in der Nähe der Sportanlagen von Uhingen, TK: 7223. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 03.06.2006.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[14931], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an div. Laubbäumen in der Nähe der Sportanlagen von Uhingen, TK: 7223. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 03.06.2006.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19104], New Zealand, South Island, Canterbury, 3 km east of Te Oka Peak, Banks Peninsula, 670 m, growing on volcanic rocks and debris in pasture. Leg. J.A. Elix (18971) & J. Johnston, 03.03.1985.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19104], New Zealand, South Island, Canterbury, 3 km east of Te Oka Peak, Banks Peninsula, 670 m, growing on volcanic rocks and debris in pasture. Leg. J.A. Elix (18971) & J. Johnston, 03.03.1985.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19104], New Zealand, South Island, Canterbury, 3 km east of Te Oka Peak, Banks Peninsula, 670 m, growing on volcanic rocks and debris in pasture. Leg. J.A. Elix (18971) & J. Johnston, 03.03.1985.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14931], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an div. Laubbäumen in der Nähe der Sportanlagen von Uhingen, TK: 7223. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 03.06.2006.
at: atranorin, sa: salazinic acid, cs: consalazinic acid, a,b: ?
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14931], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an div. Laubbäumen in der Nähe der Sportanlagen von Uhingen, TK: 7223. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 03.06.2006.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14931], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an div. Laubbäumen in der Nähe der Sportanlagen von Uhingen, TK: 7223. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 03.06.2006.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14931], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an div. Laubbäumen in der Nähe der Sportanlagen von Uhingen, TK: 7223. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 03.06.2006.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14931], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an div. Laubbäumen in der Nähe der Sportanlagen von Uhingen, TK: 7223. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 03.06.2006.
Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Galicia
Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Galicia
Saxifraga-Willem van Kruijsbergen – Source: http://www.freenatureimages.eu/plants/Lichenes,%20Korstmossen,%20Lichens/Cladonia%20borealis,%20Boreal%20cup%20lichen/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Lesteven
corticolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Lesteven
corticolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
corticolous
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Jura
corticolous
Michel David- Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Crozon
corticolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
corticolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
corticolous
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Vercors
corticolous
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Pont l'Evêque
corticolous
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Vercors
corticolous
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=873&lang=en
France, Camaret
saxicolous
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=873&lang=en
France, Camaret
saxicolous
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=872&lang=en
France, Hanvec
on wood
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=872&lang=en
France, Hanvec
on wood
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=872&lang=en
France, Hanvec
on wood
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=872&lang=en
France, Hanvec
on wood
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Vercors
corticolous
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Vercors
corticolous
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Salcedo (Quirós-Asturias), 25-IV-2023, en madera de Quercus robur.
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Salcedo (Quirós-Asturias), 25-IV-2023, en madera de Quercus robur.
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Salcedo (Quirós-Asturias), 25-IV-2023, en madera de Quercus robur.
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Salcedo (Quirós-Asturias), 25-IV-2023, en madera de Quercus robur.
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Salcedo (Quirós-Asturias), 25-IV-2023, en madera de Quercus robur.
