Parmelina carporrhizans (Taylor) Poelt & Vězda

Bestimmungsschl. europ. Flechten: 183, 1977. Basionym: Parmelia carporrhizans Taylor - London J. Bot., 6: 163, 1847.
Synonyms: Parmelia quercina var. carporrhizans (Taylor) V. Wirth; Parmelia tiliacea subsp. carporrhizans (Taylor) Nyl.; Parmelia tiliacea var. carporrhizans (Taylor) Flagey
Distribution: N - Frl, TAA, Piem, Emil (Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig (Watson 2014). C - Tosc, Laz, Abr (Recchia & Villa 1996), Mol (Brackel 2020), Sar. S - Camp, Pugl, Bas (Brackel 2011), Cal, Si (Ottonello 1996, Schicchi & al. 1997, Campisi & al. 2020).
Description: Thallus foliose, heteromerous, tightly to loosely adnate, forming 3-10(-15) cm wide rosettes. Lobes 2-4-(-8) mm wide, dichotomously or irregularly branched, mostly long and deeply incised, contiguous, usually not becoming rapidly imbricate, the tips rounded, distinctly crenate, slightly down-turned, rarely pruinose, with black, 0.08-0.2 mm long marginal cilia (difficult to distinguish from young rhizines) wich are most frequent along the characteristically rounded axils. Upper surface pale mineral grey to blue-grey, smooth, often somehow shiny, with punctiform to effigurate, whitish maculae (at 25-50 x magnification); lower surface black, shiny, brownish at lobe tips, with long (0.8-1.4 mm), rather thin, dense, simple, black, shiny rhizines that often develop horizontally and resemble cilia. Upper cortex of tightly packed, anticlinally oriented hyphae, with a pored epicortex, the cell walls with isolichenan; medulla white; algal layer continuous; lower cortex paraplectenchymatous, with rounded and thick-walled cells. Apothecia common, lecanorine 3-5(-12 mm) across, with a red-brown disc and a thick thalline margin; lower side of margin smooth, often with few to numerous rhizines. Epithecium brownish; hymenium and hypothecium colourless. Asci 8-spored, clavate, the K/I+ blue tholus penetrated by a faintly amyloid apical cushion with parallel or diverging flanks, the wall K/I-, surrounded by a K/I+ blue outer layer, Lecanora-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, oval to short-ellipsoid, 8-11 x 5-7 μm. Pycnidia numerous, appearing as black dots. Conidia bacilliform, straight, (7-)8-9(-10) x 0.5-1 μm. Spot tests: upper cortex K+ yellow, C-, KC-, P- or P+ faintly yellow; medulla K-, C+ red, KC+ red, P-, UV-. Chemistry: upper cortex with atranorin, medulla with lecanoric acid (major) and gyrophoric acid (minor).
Note: a mild-temperate to Mediterranean lichen found on isolated, mostly broad-leaved trees, more photo- and thermo-, and less hygrophytic than the closely related P. pastillifera and P. tiliacea. The species was not always distinguished from P. quercina in the Italian literature.
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: rare
Submediterranean belt: rather rare
Padanian area: extremely rare
Humid submediterranean belt: rather common
Humid mediterranean belt: rather common
Dry mediterranean belt: very rare

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF


E. Pittao CC BY-SA 04
TSB 13843



E. Pittao
TSB 30049)



E. Pittao
TSB 30049)



E. Pittao
TSB 13843)



P.L. Nimis CC BY SA 4.0
TSB 10557



P.L. Nimis CC BY SA 4.0
TSB 13843



P.L. Nimis CC BY SA 4.0
TSB 21572



P.L. Nimis CC BY SA 4.0
TSB 30049



P.L. Nimis CC BY SA 4.0
TSB 30049


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Parmelina_carporrhizans.htm
France, sur branchette de frêne - 2009 - Vaucluse


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Parmelina_carporrhizans.htm
France, sur branchette de frêne - 2009 - Vaucluse


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=535&lang=en
France, Crozon


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=535&lang=en
France, Manosque


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=535&lang=en
France, Manosque


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=535&lang=en
France, Corse, Col de Bavella


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=535&lang=en
France, Corse, Col de Bavella


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=535&lang=en
France, Drôme Provençale


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=535&lang=en
France, Drôme Provençale


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=535&lang=en
France, Drôme Provençale


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=535&lang=en
France, Drôme Provençale


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=535&lang=en
France, Drôme Provençale


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=535&lang=en
France, Drôme Provençale


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=535&lang=en
France


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=535&lang=en
France, Drôme Provençale


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=535&lang=en
France, Drôme Provençale


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Austria: Alps.


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Austria: Alps.