Peltigera rufescens (Weiss) Humb.

Fl. Friberg.: 2, 1793. Basionym: Lichen caninus var. rufescens Weiss - Pl. Crypt. Fl. Goett.: 79, 1770.
Synonyms: Lichen rufescens (Weiss) Neck.; Peltidea canina var. crispa Ach.; Peltidea canina var. inflexa Ach.; Peltidea ulorrhiza Flörke; Peltigera canina var. inflexa (Ach.) Delise; Peltigera canina var. palmata Delise in Duby; Peltigera canina var. phaeorrhiza Wallr.; Peltigera canina var. rufescens (Weiss) Mudd; Peltigera rufescens f. albidula Gyeln.; Peltigera rufescens f. complicata Gyeln.; Peltigera rufescens f. incusa Flot.; Peltigera rufescens var. gotthardiana Gyeln.; Peltigera rufescens var. palmata (Delise) Gyeln.; Peltigera spuria var. calcicola Räsänen
Distribution: N - VG (Vitikainen 1994), Frl (Vitikainen 1994, Tretiach & Hafellner 2000, Tretiach & Molaro 2007, Tomasi 2007, Nardini & al. 2013), Ven (Nimis 1994, Vitikainen 1994, Caniglia & al. 1999, Nascimbene & Caniglia 2003c, Nascimbene 2005c, 2008c, Nascimbene & Marini 2007, Brackel 2013), TAA (Vitikainen 1994, Nascimbene 2003, 2008c, Nascimbene & al. 2006, 2022, Lang 2009, Bilovitz & al. 2014, 2014b), Lomb (Vitikainen 1994, Gheza & al. 2022), Piem (Vitikainen 1994 Morisi & Sereno 1995, Hafellner & al. 2004, Isocrono & al. 2003, 2004, Isocrono & Piervittori 2008), VA (Vitikainen 1994, Piervittori & Isocrono 1997, 1999, Valcuvia 2000, Revel & al. 2001, Piervittori & al. 2004), Emil (Dalle Vedove & al. 2002, Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig. C - Tosc (Vitikainen 1994, Benesperi 2006, 2011, Benesperi & al. 2007, Lastrucci & al. 2009, Brackel 2015), Marc (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Umb (Panfili 2000, 2007, Ravera & al. 2006), Laz (Brackel 2015), Abr (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Brackel 2015, Di Nuzzo & al. 2021, Gheza & al. 2021, Vallese & al. 2022), Mol (Garofalo & al. 1999, Nimis & Tretiach, 1999, 2004, Caporale & al. 2008, Brackel 2020), Sar (Vitikainen 1994, Zedda 2002). S - Camp (Garofalo & al. 1999, 2010, Aprile & al. 2002, 2003, 2003b, Nimis & Tretiach 2004, Catalano & al. 2016), Pugl, Bas (Brackel 2011), Cal (Vitikainen 1994, Puntillo 1996), Si (Vitikainen 1994, Ottonello & al. 1994, Ottonello 1996, Ottonello & Romano 1997).
Description: Thallus foliose, heteromerous and dorsiventral, dull brownish to whitish-grey-pruinose when dry, blackish green when wet, loosely attached, forming 5-10(-15) cm wide rosettes. Lobes 5-10 mm broad and up to 4 cm long, elongate, flattened, contiguous, the upper surface thickly arachnoid-tomentose especially along margins, which are ascending, crisped, sometimes with adventitious lobules. Lower surface whitish, with raised, dark veins and c. 5 mm long, dark, squarrose rhizines. Upper cortex pseudoparenchymatous; medulla white; lower cortex absent. Apothecia saddle-shaped, on upper surface of the recurved lobe tips, brown. Paraphyses simple, distinctly thickened above. Asci 8-spored, Peltigera-type, fissitunicate, the thickened apex with a K/I+ blue ring. Ascospores 3-5(-6) septate, hyaline to very pale brown at maturity, acicular, thin-walled, (36-)50-65(-75) x 2.5-5.2 µm. Pycnidia dark, immersed. Conidia fusiform, 7-10 x 2.5-4.5 µm. Photobiont cyanobacterial (Nostoc, the cells not in long chains). Spot tests: cortex and medulla K-, C-, KC-, P-, UV-. Chemistry: without lichen substances.
Note: a widespread holarctic lichen, most common in dry grasslands, especially in upland areas, but also in the Mediterranean belt, where it is generally rare due to intensive grazing and trampling; one of the most common species of the genus throughout Italy, absent only from the plains of the North.
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Substrata: soil, terricolous mosses, and plant debris
Photobiont: cyanobacteria, filamentous (e.g. Nostoc, Scytonema)
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: common
Subalpine belt: extremely common
Oromediterranean belt: common
Montane belt: rare
Submediterranean belt: very rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: very rare
Humid mediterranean belt: rather rare
Dry mediterranean belt: rare

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (2455)
2001/12/05



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (8695)
2003/03/03



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (8695)
2003/03/03
detail of lower surface


Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[5537], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Zollernalbkreis, Lochenstein südlich von Balingen, 48°13,048’ N, 8°51,075’ E, 964 m, zwischen Moosen über Weißjura-Kalkblöcken. Leg. et det. Schumm 25.04.1999, test. Vitikainen 1999



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[5537], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Zollernalbkreis, Lochenstein südlich von Balingen, 48°13,048’ N, 8°51,075’ E, 964 m, zwischen Moosen über Weißjura-Kalkblöcken. Leg. et det. Schumm 25.04.1999, test. Vitikainen 1999



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[5537], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Zollernalbkreis, Lochenstein südlich von Balingen, 48°13,048’ N, 8°51,075’ E, 964 m, zwischen Moosen über Weißjura-Kalkblöcken. Leg. et det. Schumm 25.04.1999, test. Vitikainen 1999



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[5537], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Zollernalbkreis, Lochenstein südlich von Balingen, 48°13,048’ N, 8°51,075’ E, 964 m, zwischen Moosen über Weißjura-Kalkblöcken. Leg. et det. Schumm 25.04.1999, test. Vitikainen 1999



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[5537], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Zollernalbkreis, Lochenstein südlich von Balingen, 48°13,048’ N, 8°51,075’ E, 964 m, zwischen Moosen über Weißjura-Kalkblöcken. Leg. et det. Schumm 25.04.1999, test. Vitikainen 1999



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[5537], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Zollernalbkreis, Lochenstein südlich von Balingen, 48°13,048’ N, 8°51,075’ E, 964 m, zwischen Moosen über Weißjura-Kalkblöcken. Leg. et det. Schumm 25.04.1999, test. Vitikainen 1999



Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0; Owner: ITALIC - Dyades Project - Dept. of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Trento, Monte Bondone
2014


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Text_P_3/Peltigera_rufescens.htm
France, 14/9/2015 - Flaines, les grandes platières - Haute-Savoie


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Text_P_3/Peltigera_rufescens.htm
France, 14/9/2015 - Flaines, les grandes platières - Haute-Savoie


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Text_P_3/Peltigera_rufescens.htm
France, 14/9/2015 - Flaines, les grandes platières - Haute-Savoie


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Text_P_3/Peltigera_rufescens.htm
France, 14/9/2015 - Flaines, les grandes platières - Haute-Savoie


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Text_P_3/Peltigera_rufescens.htm
France, 14/9/2015 - Flaines, les grandes platières - Haute-Savoie


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=211&lang=en
France, Guidel


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=211&lang=en
France, Guidel


Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=211&lang=en
France, Guidel


Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=211&lang=en
France, Ploudalmézeau


Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=211&lang=en
France, Guidel


Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=211&lang=en
France, Guidel


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=211&lang=en
France, Ardennes


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=211&lang=en
France, Ardennes


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=211&lang=en
France, Ardennes


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe: Germany.


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe: Germany.


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.